查询词典 marker file

The method is simple, has safe operation, creates an approach utilizing a plant gene to safely select the marker gene for the tomato genetic transformation, can replace the disadvantages caused by the widely used heterogenous genes such as antibiotic genes, weedicide resistant genes, xyl A, pmi, GUS and so on, taken as marker genes, obtains a transgenic tomato with food safety, biological safety and ecological safety, relieves the public from anxiety of marker gene safety, and inevitably facilitates the commercialized application of the transgenic tomato.

该方法简单，操作安全，开创了利用植物基因作为番茄转化安全筛选标记基因的途径，能够代替目前广泛使用的抗生素基因、抗除草剂基因以及xylA、pmi、GUS等异源基因作为标记基因存在的弊端，获得具有食品安全性、生物安全性和生态安全性的转基因番茄，解除公众对标记基因安全性的顾虑，必将促进转基因番茄的商业化应用。

Moreover, CoI gene was more conservative and a lower evolutionary rate than Cyt b gene. CoI gene was an effective marker in analysing the phylogenesis of families in Passeriformes. It can be used in identifying the species of Passeriformes, but it was revealed that CoI gene was more suitable to identify the phylogenetic relationship of avian family unit than Cyt b gene, and CoI gene can be a molecular marker to identify avian species. But in species identification, CoI gene was less stable and accurate than Cyt b gene. We suggested youd better employ the other marker if you have the CoI gene only.(2) In the phylogenetic trees of birds from Lanius, L.

比较分析了雀形目6科15种鸟类的细胞色素b全序列和CoI基因部分序列，结果显示细胞色素b和CoI基因序列的变异位点分别为454个和366个、简约信息位点为337个和303个，而且线粒体CoI基因比细胞色素b基因略微保守、进化速率也较低；CoI基因在确定雀形目科级阶元之间的系统发生关系方面是一种有效的分子标记，同时它也能够用于雀形目鸟类的物种鉴定，但在物种鉴别方面不如细胞色素b基因稳定、准确。

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and neural like cells with osteoblast inductor (β-sodium glycerophosphate, dexamethasone, vitamin C), lipoblast inductor (dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, bovine insulin, indometacin) and serum-free medium inductor (dimethyl sulphoxide, butylated hydroxyanisole) respectively. Osteoblast marker (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin mRNA, calcium node), adipocyte marker (lipid droplet, PPAR γ-2mRNA) and neural cell-like marker (nissl body, neuron specific enolase, neurofilament protein) were respectively determined by the immunohistochemical method, polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical method.

分别采用成骨细胞诱导剂（β-甘油磷酸钠，地塞米松，维生素C）、成脂肪细胞诱导液（地塞米松，甲基异丁酸黄嘌呤，牛胰岛素，吲哚美辛）及二甲基亚砜和羟基丁酸苯甲醚无血清培养基诱导剂干预细胞向成骨、脂肪、神经细胞分化，经免疫组织化学染色、PCR、免疫细胞染色方法检测成骨标志物（碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素mRNA、钙结节）、脂肪标志物（脂滴、PPARγ-2mRNA）、以及类神经标志物（尼克氏体、神经烯醇化酶、神经丝蛋白）。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

Domestic and overseas entomologist has showed that different molecular marker methods for molecular identification of Trichogramma species. However, each of molecular marker methods previously has own deficiency, and molecular marker genes used in Trichogramma species identification almost is ribosomal DNA, study about mitochomadrial DNA in Trichogramma spp. is infrequent.

近年来，随着分子生物技术的发展，国内外研究者曾用不同分子标记方法来进行赤眼蜂蜂种的分子鉴别，然而每种分子标记都有自己的不足，且赤眼蜂分子鉴定中用于序列分析的标记基因基本上为核糖体核糖核酸基因，而有关线粒体DNA的研究却鲜有报道。

Cut file, sawing skills by learning the grip, standing position, body movements, and many other points force factors and the impact of the traditional grip of the emergence of file-grip handle to stand up after slightly outside the site of the palm, when a file cut Force, after the file handle a gradual shift,"hold" to "grasp", resulting in the introduction file enough; saw grip handle full point higher than the thrust of the saw blade to install center hole of about 30mm, the high point of thrust is likely to result in the bow saw On both sides of the swing, resulting in a broken saw blade and saw seam askew.

锉削、锯削技能的学习是受握法、站立部位、身体动作、作用力点等诸多因素的制约和影响的，传统的握法出现握锉柄后顶住部位稍偏离手心，锉削时一用力，锉柄逐渐后移，"握"变成"抓"，造成锉刀推出力度不足；满握锯柄的推力点高于锯条安装孔中心约30mm，偏高的推力点很容易造成锯弓向两侧摆动，造成锯条折断及锯缝歪斜。

Generate compound file to will spend more time 2 · optimize index is many index the file incorporates actually the process of individual file, to reduce the quantitative level of index file, the operation that reads the time that takes index file to undertake can reduce when the search.

生成复合文件将消耗更多的时间 2·优化索引其实就是将多个索引文件合并成单个文件的过程，为了减少索引文件的数量级，能在搜索时减少读取索引文件的时间进行的操作。

For example, when visiting a file, the FAT file system as a result of the file allocation table lists only the name of each file and the initial cluster, and did not say whether the document exists, and through their records in the folder to determine, and import folder and file allocation table is included in the index.

例如当访问一个文件时，由于FAT文件系统的文件分配表只列出了每个文件的名称及起始簇，并没有说明这个文件是否存在，而需要通过其所在文件夹的记录来判断，而文件夹的入口又包含在文件分配表的索引中。

Using the network communication foundation and the advanced computer technology, construct set of securities, is reliable, open, the highly effective information network and the office automation, the information management electron system, may provide modernized for the hospital administration department the daily work condition and the rich comprehensive information service, realizes the daily work business to process the automation, enhances the office efficiency and the management level, realizes the hospital administration various departments daily office work standardization, the electron, the standardization, enhancement file department file the and so on copy clerk file, dossier, science and technology file, financial file manageability, realizes the information on-line inquiry, borrows.

利用网络通讯基础及先进的计算机技术，建设一套安全、可靠、开放、高效的信息网络和办公自动化、信息管理电子化系统，可以为医院的行政管理部门提供现代化的日常办公条件及丰富的综合信息服务，实现日常的办公事务处理自动化，以提高办公效率和管理水平，实现医院行政各部门日常业务工作的规范化、电子化、标准化，增强档案部门文书档案、人事档案、科技档案、财务档案等档案的可管理性，实现信息的在线查询、借阅。

Apply the platform using the network communication foundation and the advanced network, constructs a security, reliable, open, the highly effective information network and the office automation, the information management computerization system, provides modernized for the control section the daily work condition and the rich comprehensive information service, the realization records management automation and work business processes the automation, enhances the office efficiency and the management level, the realization enterprise various departments daily office work standardization, the computerization, the standardization, enhancement file department file and so on copy clerk file, dossier, science and technology file, financial file manipuilities, realizes the information online inquiry, borrowing.

利用网络通讯基础及先进的网络应用平台，建设一个安全、可靠、开放、高效的信息网络和办公自动化、信息管理电子化系统，为管理部门提供现代化的日常办公条件及丰富的综合信息服务，实现档案管理自动化和办公事务处理自动化，以提高办公效率和管理水平，实现企业各部门日常业务工作的规范化、电子化、标准化，增强档案部门文书档案、人事档案、科技档案、财务档案等档案的可管理性，实现信息的在线查询、借阅。

The small blue capacitor has very high chances to go fully shorted compare to electrolytic capacitor which is very rare.

小蓝电容器具有很高的机会去充分地缩短了比较电解电容器，这是非常罕见的。

In the Italian campaigns of 1513 and 1515, when the Swiss won the victories of Novara and Marignan, he acted as army chaplain.

在意大利的运动， 1513年和1515年，当瑞士赢得了胜利，诺瓦拉和marignan ，他担任军队的牧师。