查询词典 local authority

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The Underwriter may terminate its commitment under the Underwriting Agreement at any time prior to the Latest Time for Termination if: there shall develop, occur, exist or come into effect: any new law or regulation or any change in existing laws or regulations or any change in the interpretation or application thereof by any court or other competent authority in Hong Kong or any other place in which any member of the Group conducts or carries on business; or any event or series of events resulting or likely to result in any change in local, national or international financial, political, military, industrial, economic or market conditions; or any change in the conditions of local, national or international securities markets (including but without limitation, the imposition of any moratorium, suspension or restriction on trading in securities generally on the Stock Exchange due to exceptional financial circumstances or otherwise); or any change or development involving a prospective change in Hong Kong taxation or exchange control which will or may affect the Group or a proportion of the existing Shareholders of the Company in their capacity as such, which, in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriter:(1) is or will or is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business or financial condition of the Group as a whole or the Rights Issue; or (2) has or will have or is likely to have a material adverse effect on the success of the Rights Issue or the level of Rights Shares taken up; or (3) makes it inadvisable or inexpedient for the Company to proceed with the Rights Issue; or there comes to the notice of the Underwriter: any matter or event showing any of the representations, warranties and undertakings made by PIL and the Company was, when given, untrue or misleading or as having been breached in any respect; or any breach by any of the other parties to the Underwriting Agreement of any of their respective obligations or undertakings under the Underwriting Agreement or under any of the PIL Letter of Undertaking, Option Undertakings or the Sub-underwriting Letter, then and in any such case the Underwriter may, upon giving notice to the Company and PIL, terminate the Underwriting Agreement with immediate effect.

倘发生下列事件，包销商可于最后终止时间前任何时间终止其根据包销协议之责任：以下情况将会出现、发生、存在或生效：香港或本集团任何成员公司经营或从事业务所在任何其他地方之法院或其他主管机关颁布任何新法律或法规，或更改现行法律或法规，或有关法律或法规之诠释或应用有变；或发生任何事件或连串事件导致或可能导致本地、国家或国际金融、政治、军事、工业、经济或市况有变；或本地、国家或国际证券市场之状况有变（包括但不限于因特殊金融状况或其他原因而暂时禁止、暂停或限制港交所之整体证券交易）；或香港税务或外汇管制有变或出现可能导致变动之事态发展，而将会或可能对本集团或本公司部份现有股东产生影响，而包销商合理认为上述情况：(1)会或将会或可能会对本集团整体之业务或财务状况或供股有重大不利影响；或(2)经已或将会或可能会对供股之成功或供股股份之认购数量有重大不利影响；或(3)令本公司进行供股变得不智或不宜时；或包销商得悉：任何事情或事件显示太平船务及本公司所作出之任何陈述、保证及承诺于作出时在任何方面属失实或构成误导或遭违反；或包销协议之任何其他订约方违反彼等各自根据包销协议或任何太平船务承诺函、购股权承诺或分包销函件之任何责任或承诺，而在此情况下，包销商可向本公司及太平船务发出通知即时终止包销协议。

These articles declared:(1) that popes have no control over matters temporal, that kings are not subject to any ecclesiastical authority in civil affairs, that kings could not legitimately be deposed by the church, and that their subjects could not be released from their political allegiance by any papal decree;(2) that the papacy is subject to the authority of general councils of the church, as decreed by the Council of Constance (1414-18);(3) that papal authority must be exercised with due respect for local and national church usages and customs;(4) that, though the pope has "the principal part in questions of faith," pending the consent of a general council, his judgments are not irreformable.

这些文章宣称：（ 1 ）教皇没有控制权的问题时，即国王不受任何教会权威的民事，即国王不能合理地废黜的教堂，其主体不能从他们的释放政治效忠教皇的任何法令；（ 2 ）受教皇的权威理事会一般的教堂，如颁布理事会的康斯坦茨（ 1414年至1418年）；（ 3 ）教皇权力的行使必须给予应有的尊重地方和国家教会的惯例和习俗；（ 4 ），尽管教皇"的主要组成部分中的信仰问题，"之前同意的总理事会，他的判断没有irreformable 。

As different economic policies and the level of economic development generated by the gap between rich and poor as well as the expansion of inter-regional imbalances, such as the phenomenon of local protectionism, industrial isomorphism, redundant construction, the local government authority, have become more apparent.

由于不同的经济政策和经济发展水平所产生的贫富差距以及地区间不平衡的扩大，地方保护主义、产业同构、重复建设、地方政府权限的扩张等现象日益凸现。

However, if the authority concerned has a code of practice dealing with consultation and fails to carry it out, the Local Government Ombudsman may find the authority guilty of "maladministration".

然而，如果有关当局虽有处理咨询事宜的规范，但却不去执行它，当地的政府巡视官也许会认定此当局"管理失职"。

In terms of administration system, under the centralized administration system, the local governments' administrative authority is very limited; from the point view of economic administration right division, as the organizer and regulator of regional economy, local governments are unable to enjoy the proper rights and interests of State-owned asset owners, the tax income division regulations are incomplete, and there is the shortage of credit bodies. Although the central government and the local governments are both State-owned asset investors, yet the central government should possess ultimate ownership. It is necessary to properly divide their property rights and particularly important to clearly define the rights and responsibilities of central government and local governments.

从行政体制看，在中央集权形式下地方所拥有的行政性权力非常有限；从经济管理分权看，地方政府作为区域性经济组织和管理者，利益主体残缺，分税制不完全，信用主体缺失；从国有资产出资人角度看，中央政府与地方政府同为国有资产出资人主体，但中央政府拥有终极所有权，合理划分各自的产权，并明确界定中央和地方政府的权利和责任变得尤其重要，也是国有资产市场化委托代理的重要环节。

And a series of power division reform on the economic system and administrative system reinstitute the relationship between the governments and the motive system of the local governmental action, rapidly awake the autonomic consciousness of the local government and gradually form the maximum expansion authority, continually try to breakthrough the bottom line of the central policy to realize its specialized utility objects.

而经济体制和行政体制的一系列放权改革，重构了政府间的关系以及地方政府行为的动力机制，地方政府的自主意识迅速觉醒，并逐步形成了最大限度地扩张权限，不断尝试突破中央政策底线，以实现其特定的效用目标的内在冲动。

What is manifested in the re-shaping of village and reinstitution of village regime is state's re-admitting and respecting village's local knowledge. State, with the help of traditional resources, modern governing idea and market economy, is changing its way of being in the village arena. Having lost the strong pushing force of pan-politicization, modern knowledge and technology, as the important components of modernity, have turned to seek a non-political access to rural community; while the re-expanded village local knowledge has become an important resource to re-structure the authority and order of the new Shuang Village.

村庄的再造和村政的重建所凸现出的是在新的历史条件下国家对村庄地方性知识的重新承认与尊重，国家借助于传统资源、现代治理理念和市场经济改变着自己在村庄场域中的存在方式；作为现代性重要构成的现代知识与技术在失去了泛政治化的强力推动后，也转而寻求对于乡村社会的一种非行政化的切入路径；而重新扩张的村庄地方性知识则成为重新构造新时期双村权威与秩序的重要资源。

Only recently has the local autonomies been expanded and has the planning authority been decentralized into the local governments.

近年来随著社会环境与政治环境的变迁，地方政府自主权的扩大，各地方政府均思有所作为，积极发展地方。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为&知识—文化&传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。