查询词典 litigation

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

Zhuzhi poems in the Qing Dynasty vividly describe the atmosphere of litigiosity in the folk society,the reason and artifice in the civilian litigation,the phenomenon that yamen runners considered the litigation as the origin of profit,and the harmfulness of the litigation.

清代竹枝词即对民间社会好讼或健讼的风气、乡民争讼的原因和技巧、衙役视诉讼为利薮的现象以及诉讼的危害进行了生动的刻画。

So the improvement and enlargement of the scope of judicial review of administrative actions in China is both unavoidable and clear: to make amendments to the administrative litigation law to review "abstract administrative actions","final administrative actions" and "inner administrative actions";to delete detailed listing of "reviewable administrative actions" and to establish the essential rule in administrative litigation that any administrative actions shall be judicially reviewable unless the litigation is definitely forbidden by law and harmful to the principle of rule of law.

上述看似疏忽与不慎的用词，恰恰折射出作为国家最高审判机关在行政诉讼受案范围问题上的扩大倾向与面对立法现实的无奈。因为根据我国目前最高审判机关的司法解释的权限，最高人民法院只有依照法律和行政法规，适用法律法规的具体作出解释的权力，而不能似英、美普通法系国家那样&法官造法&，更不能以司法解释权侵夺国家的立法权。

So the improvement and enlargement of the scope of judicial review of administrative actions in China is both unavoidable and clear: to make amendments to the administrative litigation law to review "abstract administrative actions","final administrative actions" and "inner administrative actions";to delete detailed listing of "reviewable administrative actions" and to establish the essential rule in administrative litigation that any administrative actions shall be judicially reviewable unless the litigation is definitely forbidden by law and harmful to the principle of rule of law.

上述看似疏忽与不慎的用词，恰恰折射出作为国家最高审判机关在行政诉讼受案范围问题上的扩大倾向与面对立法现实的无奈。因为根据我国目前最高审判机关的司法解释的权限，最高人民法院只有依照法律和行政法规，对适用法律法规的具体问题作出解释的权力，而不能似英美判例法系国家那样&法官造法&，更不能以司法解释权侵夺国家的立法权。

So the improvement and enlargement of the scope of judicial review of administrative actions in China is both unavoidable and clear: to make amendments to the administrative litigation law to review "abstract administrative actions","final administrative actions" and "inner administrative actions";to delete detailed listing of "reviewable administrative actions" and to establish the essential rule in administrative litigation that any administrative actions shall be judicially reviewable unless the litigation is definitely forbidden by law and harmful to the principle of rule of law.

上述看似疏忽与不慎用词，恰恰折射出作为国家最高审判机关在行政诉讼受案范围问题上扩大倾向与面对立法现实无奈。因为根据我国目前最高审判机关司法解释权限，最高人民法院只有依照法律和行政法规，对适用法律法规具体问题作出解释权力，而不能似英美判例法系国家那样&法官造法&，更不能以司法解释权侵夺国家立法权。

administrative litigation ; the third party of administrative litigation ; determination criteria ; third party assorting in administive litigation

由于第三人与被诉的行政行为有相当的利害关系，而法院对行政案件的审理结果将可能影响和关系着第三人的实体权益。

Compared with the early stage of Qing, the reasons that the problem about the long—pending cases formed in late Qing mainly were the effect of the frequent modern wars and the serious corrupt of the bureaucrat stratum. A series of frequent wars not only made officials had no time to attend to administration of litigation, but also blocked ways so that the litigation procedure couldn't normally revolve. Unlimited procrastination and serious hoodwinking in litigation procedure easily caused long-pending cases too.

与清前期相比，晚清积案问题形成的原因主要为：近代频繁的战争的影响：鸦片战争以后发生的一系列频繁的战争不仅使得统治者难以顾及刑名案件的审理，而且极易造成道路梗阻，使得案件逐级审转制度难以正常进行；晚清腐败的吏治的影响：诉讼审判中漫无止境的任意拖延，严重的欺瞒之风等都是导致积案问题的重要因素。

We should also properly solve such problems as the preparation process before litigation,time limit for the litigation,jurisdiction,trial organization, burden of proof and mediation based on the specialty of public litigation.

建立公益诉讼制度的关键是如何构建其具体程序规则，即必须针对公益诉讼的特殊性，妥善解决公益诉讼的诉前程序、诉讼时效、法院管辖及审判组织、举证责任和调解等特殊程序问题。

The democratic meritof constitution litigation belongs to the philosophy of constitutionlitigation. It aims at expatiating the necessary and significance ofconstitution litigation, and provides merit directing for the proceduredesign of legislators, the adjudgment acts of constitutional gownsmanand party's lawsuit act.

宪法诉讼的民主价值属于宪法诉讼哲学的一部分，它旨在揭示宪法诉讼机制存在的必要性及其意义，为立法者进行程序设计、宪法裁判者从事审判行为，以及当事人进行诉讼活动提供价值指引。

As lawyers we may think naturally of litigation to break new ground, but this is not enough and there are limits to what litigation can do in terms of remedies.

作为律师，我们可能自然会想到通过诉讼取得新的突破，但这并不足够，而且就补救措施而言，诉讼能起到的效果有限。

Now he worked in ajoint venture.

现在他在一家合资企业工作。

More troops in Afghanistan won't change any of the foregoing.

更多的在阿富汗的军队也不会改变之前的状况。