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We show that these pATSCs can differentiate into several mesodermal lineages, as well as neural lineage cells.

我们发现这些基质细胞不但能向多个胚层分化而且还能分化为神经系细胞。

Adult mesenchymal stem cells are non-hematopoietic cells with multi-lineage potential to differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin.

成人间质干细胞是一种具有分多谱系化能力，能分化成中胚层来源的各种组织的非造血细胞。

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells derived from many adult tissues, which can differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage, such as adipocyte, osteocyte and chondrocyte, as well as cells of other embryonic lineages. They are a promising tool for tissue engineering.

间充质干细胞是一类可从多类成体组织中分离的能向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞等分化的成体干细胞，是组织工程细胞的一个理想来源。

Lineage-tracing analyses indicate that the ectopic endothelial cells in embryos with decreased Notch activity originate from mesodermal cells that normally produce erythrocyte progenitors.

命运追踪结果显示，Notch降低的胚胎中，异常增加的内皮细胞是来源于本应该形成红细胞前体的中胚层细胞。

In addition to this main pathway, howeer, ECs also can be generated from the EGFR-2–PDGFR-+ single-positie population, which represents the paraxial mesodermal lineage and is also deried from the DP population.

除这条主要途径外，内皮细胞也可从EGFR-2+PDGFR-+单阳性群体中得到，这种单阳性群体在近中胚层出现，并也来自于双阳性群。

TPA can inhibit the proliferation of HL60 cells and induce the differentiation of HL60 cells into the granulocytic or monocytic lineage.

TPA能抑制白血病细胞HL60的增殖，并诱导其向成熟单核、粒细胞分化，在此过程中，PBK/TOPK表达是下调的，但PhoPBK/TOPK的表达是增加的。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

Recent data suggests that brown fat cells arise in vivo from a Myf5-positive, myoblastic lineage by the action of PRDM16 ref.

而如能开发出一种新药来提高人体内的棕色脂肪含量，则无需进行移植，这将会是一个直接、有效的减肥方式。

The experiment would investigate the time-effect and dose-effect relationship of Tongxinluo on neurocyte lineage development from rat embryonic neural stem cells.

实验拟观察通心络对大鼠胚胎神经干细胞源性神经细胞谱系的影响以及时效、量效的关系。

The results showed that the percentage of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria in the activated sludge was 15.7%±3.7% and 12.9%±3.2%, Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage were the dominant AOB, Nitrobacter spp.

结果表明，污泥中氨氧化菌的含量为15.7%±3.7%，优势菌属为Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis；亚硝酸氧化菌的含量为12.9%±3.2%，优势菌属为Nitrobacter spp。。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。