查询词典 liability limit

This article thinks that, as a criterion of liability fixation, strict liability does't think of the feasor's fault. It rests upon a factual test of causation that disregards proximate caused omissions.The defenses available in strict liability are strict limited.And finally,the unlawfulness characterizes is only the harm and not the activity producing it. As a category of tort liabilities, strict liability is a heterogeneous and multi-level continuum.

作为一种归责标准以及以之为据的责任类型，严格责任具有其独特的性质：在前者，严格责任具有价值判断上的非过错性、因果关系判断的模糊性、抗辩事由的限制性以及强调侵害行为的结果违法性；在后者，严格责任是一个不同质、多层次的连续体。

Under Institute Collision Liability Clause the insurers agree to indemnify the Assured for 3/4ths of collision liability, while under PICC Hull Insurance Clauses the insurer have to pay 4/4ths collision liability as well as allision liability the Assured becoming legally liable to third party.

英国协会条款仅承保3/4的船舶碰撞责任，而我国人保船舶保险条款则承保4/4的碰撞、触碰责任，沿海内河船舶保险条款则承保3/4的碰撞、触碰责任。三者对间接损失的保险责任也有所不同。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

In this paper, the author proposes own opinions on the application of liability without fault in Chinese civil liability ,the means of bearing liability by administrative department in Chinese administrative anti-trust .insisting on propounding a new clause of anti-trust crime in Chinese criminal law and perfecting procedure laws .As a result ,the author tries to propose forceful theoretical support and reasonable legal suggestions upon the future legal liability system of Chinese anti-trust.

在文中，笔者就民事责任应采用双轨制归责原则、强化行政垄断主体的法律责任、在刑法分则中增加垄断罪条款以及完善法律责任追究程序等问题提出了自己的见解，力争能为我国将来合理设计具有中国特色的反垄断法法律责任制度提供有力的理论支持与合理的法律建议。

The theory basis of budget legal liability lies upon the accountability of budget behavior and the legal requirement of liability. In China Budget Law, we should list all kinds of illegal budget behaviors as the basis of imputation of liability, in stead of determining liability according to its theoretical dements.

本文从预算行为的可归责性和预算责任的法定性两个维度分析了预算法律责任的理论依据，提出了预算法律责任的构成要件，并着重对预算违法行为的内涵和种类进行了探讨。

Second, the paper explains the problems of the system of lawsuit time limit in judicial practice, specifying that the system of lawsuit time limit cannot get the attention it should be paid in judicial practice, the regulations of extending lawsuit time limit cannot be carried out severely, there are no powerful monitoring and penalties of violation of lawsuit time limit, the blank of lawsuit time limit bring about the delay of cases, and that the principle of presumption of innocence in the criminal law cannot be carried out thoroughly.

第三，文章对诉讼时限制度在理论研究上存在的缺陷进行了讨论，指出了对这一重要制度无人研究的问题，并对立法上对这一重要制度没能引起重视的问题进行了讨论，指出：诉讼时限制度不仅是一个立法技术问题，而且是一个实体问题。第四，文章从社会环境的角度对现行法律关于诉讼时限的规定执行得不好的原因进行了分析，指出社会大环境对诉讼时限的贯彻执行有重要的制约作用。

For example, the class of all limit ordinals is closed and unbounded : this translates the fact that there is always a limit ordinal greater than a given ordinal, and that a limit of limit ordinals is a limit ordinal (a fortunate fact if the terminology is to make any sense at all!).

例如，所有极限序数的类是闭合且无界的：这解释了总是有一个极限序数大于给定序数，而且极限序数的极限是极限序数的事实。

Article 152 Where a director or senior manager is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder of the limited liability company or joint stock limited company separately or aggregately holding 1% or more of the total shares of the company may require the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the limited liability company with no board of supervisors in writing to file a lawsuit in the people's court. If the supervisor is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the aforesaid shareholder may require the board of directors or the acting director of the limited liability company with no board of directors to in writing lodge a lawsuit in the people's court.

第一百五十二条董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东，可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼；监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 152 Where a director or senior manager is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder of the limited liability company or joint stock limited company separately or aggregately holding 1% or more of the total shares of the company may require the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the limited liability company with no board of supervisors in writing to file a lawsuit in the peoples court. If the supervisor is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the aforesaid shareholder may require the board of directors or the acting director of the limited liability company with no board of directors to in writing lodge a lawsuit in the peoples court.

第一百五十二条董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东，可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼；监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

The statistics, in Shanghai and Shenzhen listed companies, the asset liability ratio of more than 65% of the 102 companies, including asset-liability ratio at 65% to 80% with 81, asset-liability ratio of 80% to 100% 17 home, assets and liabilities have exceeded 100% eliminate the white PT Yu, ST Baiyun Mountain, PT agricultural trading companies, etc.

经统计，在沪深两地上市公司中，资产负债率超过65%以上的公司有102家，其中资产负债率在65%至80%的有81家，资产负债率在80%至100%的有17家，资产负债率超过100%的有PT渝汰白、ST白云山、PT农商社等4家。

Panorama Many people are dancing in a large sitting room.

在一个大客厅里，许多人在跳舞。

We fully understand how a microwave oven cooks food, it is first necessary to talk ...

我们充分理解一个微波炉煮的食物，这是首先要谈。。。