查询词典 lawmaking

The purpose of this dissertation lies in perfecting relative laws of administration of medical waste,according to the lawmaking and law system of foreign countries.meanwhile,the notion is provided to consummate relative law system and achieve the purpose of holding in the administration of medical waste,environment protect and human health.this dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.simultaneously it provides legal basis and policy support for the administration to disposal of medical waste.the problem of the administration of medical waste enlarges the difficulties of disposal process.to perfect lawmaking,law-executing,law-supervising.is advantageous to strengthen the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.meanwhile it has theoretic meaning and application value for environment safety and human health.this dissertation is totally divided into four parts.the first part explains the current condition of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country,which introduces the concept of medical waste,the harm of medical waste,the necessity of administration, current lawmaking condition and present law system of the medical waste.the second part introduces the general situation of lawmaking concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste of the united states,eu,japan and korea.simultaneously it explains the apocalypse of administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the third part points out the existent law problem of the administration to disposal of medical waste,including lawmaking problem,law enforcement problem and law system problem.the fourth part aims at the relative suggestions to the existent law problems of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the suggestions want to raise lawmaking layer,perfect lawmaking contents,strengthens law enforcement,practice the law system of the manufacturer to be responsible for the medical waste.meanwhile,it gives the advice on the punishment-compensation system,the conduct permit system and the risk fund system.

本论文研究的目的在于借鉴国外有关医疗废物在立法、执法、法律制度等方面的经验，完善适合我国医疗废物管理的相关法律，提出我国有关医疗废物管理的立法构想，完善各项相关的法律制度，以达到规范医疗废物管理、保护环境、保护人类健康的目的。本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。同时可以为我国医疗废物管理工作提供法理依据和决策支持。我国医疗废物管理体制的问题加大了医疗废物治理的难度，立法、执法、监督等方面的完善有利于加强对我国医疗废物的管理；在保障可持续发展的环境安全和人类健康领域也具有理论意义和应用价值。本文共分为四个部分，第一部分说明了我国目前医疗废物管理的现状，介绍了医疗废物的概念、危害、进行管理的必要性、当前我国医疗废物的立法现状和法律制度现状。第二部分介绍了美国、欧盟、日本、韩国关于医疗废物管理的立法概况及对我国医疗废物管理的启示。第三部分指出了我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题，包括立法问题、执法问题和法律制度问题。第四部分针对我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题提出了相应的建议。建议要提高立法层次、完善立法内容、加强执法力度、实行生产者负责分类回收的法律制度、集中处置法律制度、惩罚性赔偿制度、经营许可证制度、环境责任保险制度和风险基金制度。

In the part I, the concept, development and current lawmaking status of E-mail are introduced. In this part, the writer states the source, development and basic technical principals of E-mail and analyses its current application status and the importance of effectiveness identification of being evidence. Besides, related international laws on E-mail and lawmaking status in many countries are introduced. Present situation of our country's lawmaking and related model laws since the utilization of E-business and E-mail are also stated and discussed. Part II emphasizes on the differences between E-mail and traditional evidences and generalizes the characteristics of E-mail, i.e.: forgeability, changeability, dependence, uncertainty, duplicatability and transmission. Through the detailed analysis, the writer concludes that it is the above-mentioned characteristics to hinder E-mail becoming the effective evidence. Part III is the key one of this article and mainly discusses the effectiveness identification of E-mail as evidence. In this part, the writer states how the 5 characteristics of E-mail mentioned in Part II to affect the validity and authenticity of E-mail as evidence.

第一部分介绍了电子邮件的概念、发展及立法现状，在该部分中笔者详细阐述了电子邮件的产生、发展以及电子邮件运作的基本技术原理，论述了电子邮件目前的应用状况以及解决其作为证据被认定问题的重要性，同时还介绍了世界上与电子邮件有关的相关国际规范以及各国立法的情况，并讨论了我国自电子商务及电子邮件使用以来的立法现状以及相关的典型立法；第二部分重点阐述了电子邮件与传统证据的区别，并将这些区别归纳为电子邮件作为数据电文的一种类型所具有的特殊属性，即：易伪造性，易修改性，依附性，原件不确定性，易复制和传播性，通过对这些特性的详细阐述，得出了这些属性是导致电子邮件无法成为有效证据的主要障碍的这一结论；第三部分是本文的重点，着重讨论了电子邮件证据效力的认定问题，该部分主要阐述了第二部分提及的电子邮件的五个特性造成了电子邮件证据在合法性和真实性这二方面的障碍。

Then it analyzes the invalid lawmaking mode of the marriage system of our country, affirming our double track system is a right choice, bodying that the idea of laying equal stress on sanctions and protection of marriage method, is the current of the world invalid marriage lawmaking nowadays; it puts forward the existent blemish of the lawmaking mode of the double track system in the meantime.

进而，分析我国的无效婚姻制度立法模式，肯定我国双轨制是正确的选择，体现了《婚姻法》的制裁与保护并重的价值理念，是当今世界无效婚姻立法的潮流；同时提出了我国双轨制立法模式存在的缺陷。

For over half a century, on the lawmaking layer of the fundamental law, India gets rid of religion entirely, and establishes democracy system, which has been pushed for sure. In the lawmaking of the crime law and the civil law, on the whole, fulfill the construction of amending or reenacting law system, according to the modern criterion of the occident law system. In the lawmaking of personal relation, though still take on myriad tint of religion, yet by comparison with the Indian society before independent, it has made a huge progress, which is the successful part of the secularization. However, still some deficiency, such as a majority of Indian citizens have dotty law ideas, in the political and legal system can't get rid of religion thoroughly, the legal applicability of the judicial branch is still at the mercy of the religious power, which incarnate the bugs of the secularization.

半个多世纪以来，印度国家在根本大法的立法层面上完全脱离宗教影响的情况下确立了民主政治制度，并已得到确实推行；在刑事、民事立法中，基本上完成了按照西方现代法制的要求而进行了修改或重新制定的法律体系的建设过程；在人身关系立法方面，虽然仍有着种种的宗教色彩，但与独立前的印度社会相比较，已经有了长足的进步，这些都是印度法律世俗化的成功之处，但其中也不足，主要是印度大多数国民的法律观念仍然淡薄，政治法律制度上仍未能完全摆脱宗教的影响，司法部门的法律适用仍受宗教势力所左右等方面，都体现出印度法律世俗化的缺陷。

For finding out to agree with a point in the social responsibility of the business enterprise and the circulation the economic lawmaking, this selected works takes a market quasi- go into the system,manufacturer responsibility extension system,circulation economy evaluation the index sign system system,economic incentive system,the environment risk guard against system and across the profession coordination system to discuss how to enhance the business enterprise path of social responsibility in the circulation the economic lawmaking.

为了在企业的社会责任与循环经济立法中找到契合点，本文选取市场准入制度、生产者责任延伸制度、循环经济评价指标体系制度、经济激励制度、环境风险防范制度和跨行业协调制度，以论述如何在循环经济立法中强化企业社会责任的途径。

This dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.Because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.

本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。

Our administrative permission lawmaking respects the actual thing of gradational breakaway of modern nation and society, and has the leading characteristic. As a tool to impel the society, its new lawmaking idea will make the meaningful effect to construct Chinese civil society. Perhaps, it rightly is the best function of Administrative Permission Law besides regulating the conduct of administrative permission.

中国行政许可立法，既尊重了中国当代国家和社会渐次分离的现实，又具有一定的超前性，作为一种推动社会现实的工具，其崭新的立法理念对建构中国市民社会亦会产生深远的影响，这正是我国行政许可法除规范行政许可行为之外最大的功能。

The lawmaking is equal to request the basic right equal, but the lawmaking is equal to differ from absolutely, the indiscrimination ground is equal or average.

立法平等要求基本权利平等，但立法平等不同于绝对地、无差别地平等或平均。

This part mainly introduces the three standard of lawmaking of the electronic signature and the obstacles of the lawmaking.

该部分主要介绍了电子签名立法的三个标准和电子签名立法所面临的障碍，同时对认证机构的相关法律问题也一一做了分析。

Asset valuation of our country began later than western countries, although develops quickly, but compare with the developed countries it still exist many differences in above-mentioned aspects:Purpose of evaluation are limited, the main purpose of patent valuation in our country are for the patent property's cost amortisation, trade and investment, besides, neglecting the purpose of patent evaluation a service management and litigation;The application of evaluation theories are subjected to a limit, the method we commonly use is income method, the world well-known evaluation organizations pay more attention to a lately theoretical application;Evaluation standards are established lagard, on the countrary, the International Valuation Standards, The Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice and the European Valuation Standards were all established very early,and have already become a careful and reasonable structure system after emendations, but the valuation standards of China does't shows the relation between accounting standards now, demand of valuators' responsibility are too brief, having no restriction to definitude the type of value, and the regulation of valuation methods of Intangible Assets is not comprehensive;The lawmaking isn't complete, our country has no complete lawmaking to carry on rules and regulations to the non-cash's property, patent infringement control are inadequate, and excessively restrict patent property contributed form.

我国资产评估行业起步较晚，虽然发展迅速，但经比较研究发现，在上述方面与发达国家仍存在很大差异：评估目的相对狭窄，我国主要以专利资产成本摊销、交易和投资为目的进行评估，忽视了专利服务管理和诉讼为目的的评估；评估理论应用受限，我国主要应用收益法，世界知名评估机构更注重新理论的应用；评估准则制定落后，无论是国际评估准则、美国评估准则还是欧洲评估准则，都制定较早，并多次修订已形成严密的结构体系，而我国在评估准则中未体现与会计准则的关系，对评估师执业责任的要求过于简练，没有对价值类型加以明确，对无形资产评估方法的规范也不详细；立法不完善，我国没有相对完善的立法对非现金出资进行规制，对专利侵权控制力不够、专利出资形式限制过多。

This matter overthrew all basises I learned from Sunday school .

这件事把我从周日学校学到的所有道理都颠覆了。

It's one of the cruel ironies of aging: if you want to remember your favorite restaurants, the less you should eat at them.

这是一个老化的残酷讽刺：如果你想记住你最喜欢的餐馆，你应该更少吃到它们。