查询词典 irrigation engineering

Thereinto, drip irrigation is divided into three treatments of different ration. Tectorial and untectorial treatment are adopted to semifixation spray irrigation. At the same time, seepage-preventing trial is done. By study of one growth season, it shows that the indexes, Comparing with flood irrigation, water-saving technique has the effect of increasing production and harvest, economizing water, energy sources and field, saving work, time and power. It has best significance difference among unit yield of using different irrigation ways. The highest yield is in irrigation treatment of 80% field moisture capacity, it is secondary in seepage-preventing ditch irrigation treatment and is the lowest in spray irrigation treatment. Drip irrigation increase yield 4.0%~25.9%,Seepage-preventing ditch irrigation increase yield 17.5%, and spray irrigation decrease yield 22.4～37.8% comparing with flood irrigation. The effect to yield is obvious in drip irrigation treatment of different irrigation ration.

不同灌溉方式间单位产量存在显著差异，80％田间持水量灌溉处理产量最高，防渗渠畦灌次之，喷灌的产量最低；与土渠漫灌单位产量相比，滴灌增产4.0％～25.9％；防渗渠畦灌增产17.5％；喷灌产量下降22.4％～37.8％；滴灌试验中不同灌溉处理对产量的影响显著，随着灌溉定额的减少，产量随之下降，主要原因是60％田间持水量的灌溉处理限制了棉株的生长发育，降低了产量；不同灌溉方式的灌溉定额与绿洲内土渠漫灌平均灌溉定额相比，滴灌节水47.7％～54.4％，防渗渠畦灌节水38.56％，喷灌节水58.2％；滴灌、喷灌及防渗渠畦灌与土渠漫灌相比分别省工16.2％、25.1％和3.6％；滴灌和喷灌较防渗渠畦和土渠漫灌节地约5％～7％；从净收益来看，防渗渠畦灌较土渠漫灌经济效益提高了34.2％，滴灌提高了9.8％～48.2％，喷灌则下降了23.8％和44.7％；而且采用不同灌溉方式种植棉花，对于成铃率、衣指、衣分、纤维长度、产量等指标，滴灌要优于喷灌和防渗渠畦灌；而成铃数、种子数、铃重、籽指等指标，滴灌、喷灌均小于防渗渠畦灌。

In 1 irrigation time and 2 irrigation times treatments, soil salt content decreased by 11.7%, and soil salt content increased by 12.6% in 3-4 irrigation times treatments. 2 After irrigation, the mean reduction of soil bulk density was 6.5%, and the mean increment of soil total porosity was 18.1%. With the irrigation frequency increasing, soil density was decreased and soil total porosity was increased. 3 Soil infiltration course of reed field irrigated by wastewater fitted Horton infiltration model well. After wastewater irrigation, the first infiltration rate decreased, but the stable infiltration rate promoted with the wastewater irrigation frequency increasing. 4 Soil water-holding capacity was increased by wastewater irrigation. The maximum water-holding capacity in capillary was 90.15 mm in the treatment of irrigation 3 irrigations, and the maximum water-holding capacity in non-capillary was 4.15 mm in treatment of 4 irrigations.

废水灌溉后，土壤pH均值降低6.0%；废水灌溉1～2次，土壤含盐率降低11.7%，废水灌溉3～4次后，增壤含盐率增加12.6%。2）废水灌溉后土壤体积质量均值减小6.5%，总孔隙度均值增大18.1%；随着废水灌溉次数的增多，土壤体积质量和总孔隙度分别有减小和增大的趋势。3）Horton模型比较适合描述废水灌溉后芦苇群落的土壤入渗过程，废水灌溉降低了初渗率，但随着废水灌溉次数的增多，稳渗率增加明显。4）废水灌溉增强了土壤贮蓄水分的能力，废水灌溉3次吸持贮水量达到最高（90.15 mm），灌水4次滞留贮水量达到最高（4.51 mm）。

Four methods of irrigation, trickle irrigation, portable sprinkling irrigation, porous pipe sprinkling irrigation and furrow irrigation were tes ted. It was found that all with trickle irrigation, portable sprinkling irrigation and porous pipe sprinkling irrigation have remarkabler effect on water saving than furrow irrigation.

本试验通过滴灌、微喷灌、多孔管喷灌和沟灌等四种灌水方式，得出滴灌、微喷灌和多孔管喷灌均较沟灌有明显的节水效果，节水率可达50％以上；除沟灌外，其它灌水方式棚内空气相对湿度均较低，这对缩短夜间结露时间和减轻或防止黄瓜的病害有一定的积极作用。

In the Mu Us desert, either vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation or vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation shows obviously vertical-layered character. When the irrigation is finished 24 hours later, there is little correlation between vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation and vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation. All of probability distribution of soil water content before irrigation are left-skewed distribution, but some of probability distribution of soil water content after irrigation is left-skewed distribution, some is right-skewed distribution or normal distribution. The distributed pattern shows different between the probability distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section of different depth. There is close correlation between the distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section, but the correlation debases as the horizontal section turns deeper. Also after irrigation close correlation occurs between the distribution of soil moisture of layers bordering upon each other, but which reduces with space of different layers being larger.

在毛乌素沙地，喷灌前后土壤含水率等值线垂直分布均具有显著的垂直分层特征；在喷灌结束24h后，喷灌前土壤含水率的垂直分布与喷灌后土壤含水率的垂直分布间地相关性较弱；灌水前土壤初始含水率的概率分布形态均表现为较典型的左偏态分布，灌后土壤含水率分布形态表现为左偏态、右偏形态或正态分布；雨量筒水深概率分布与土壤不同深度剖面层水平方向的含水率概率分布在形态特征上表现出一定程度的差异，雨量筒水深分布与水平层土壤含水率分布、灌后相邻深度层土壤含水率分布、之间的相关程度较高，其相关性随着剖面深度和层间距的增加而降低。

The results show that, under each drip irrigation treatment before the tasselling stage of spring maize, the fluctuation of average soil water content and soil matric potential at different soil depthes are comparative low under high frequency drip irrigation treatment, and the HDI can hold stable soil water content. The drip irrigation can obviously delay the effect of air temperature on the soil temperature, which was influenced by irrigation process, soil water content and crop growth stages. In addition, the irrigation frequency affects the spring maize root distribution in the soil, and the HDI improves the probability of root distribution in upper soil(0~40 cm). The yield difference of spring maize for irrigation frequency treatments is not significant under the typical field irrigation model combined irrigation with precipitation.

试验结果表明：在春玉米抽雄期以前阶段实施的滴灌各处理中，高频滴灌下土壤平均含水率和不同深度处的土壤基质势波动幅度较小，高频滴灌下土壤水分能保持在一个比较稳定的范围；土壤温度受灌水过程、土壤含水率及作物生育阶段的影响较明显，滴灌能显著延迟气温对土壤温度的影响；灌水频率对春玉米根系分布存在一定影响，高频灌溉能显著促进春玉米根系在上层土壤(0～40 cm)中的分布；此外，在这种典型的灌溉和降雨相结合灌溉模式下，不同灌水频率下玉米产量差异不显著。

The results showed that the grain yield of winter wheat with two-irrigation was higher than that with one-irrigation with the same nitrogen application rate and method. Compared to one-irrigation,the grain number per spike in two-irrigation was higher,the 1000-grain weight was lower, the water wastage was higher, but the WUE was lower. The yield was not affected significantly by nitrogen rates and the methods. Within the nitrogen rate of 157.5-295.5kg/hm2, the lower NUPE and Nitrogen Productivity declined with nitrogen rate increasing. NHI was not lower than the others at the lowest nitrogen rate of 157.5kg/hm2. The accumulation of NO3--N in soil was significantly and positively correlated with the nitrogen application rate. NO3--N in one-irrigation was distributed mainly in the top layer (0-80cm), but it was inverse in two-irrigation.

结果表明，施氮量和施氮方式相同时春浇二水冬小麦的产量高于春浇一水，二水穗粒数较一水高，千粒重则低于一水，一水耗水量较少，水分利用效率明显高于二水；同一水分下不同施肥量及施肥方式对产量的影响差异不显著，同一施肥方式下在157.5-295.5kg/hm2范围内，施肥量越大，氮素生理效率和氮肥生产力越低，施氮157.5kg/hm2时，氮收获指数均处在最高或较高水平；土壤硝态氮残留量与施氮量呈显著正相关，成熟期一水条件下土壤中硝态氮主要集中在上层(0~80cm)，二水条件下则主要分布在中下层。

First, by the allocation of irrigation water directly into the ditch outlet Xiaqi, achieve no water loss, greatly improve the utilization of water; are two irrigation systems, replace the pipe with water furrow, not square, and the right to re-use, reducing the irrigation investment; Three is the use of the gate with the outlet opening to adjust a constant and accurate control of flow into the trench plot, for different soil and different groove specifications Xiaqi can greatly improve irrigation uniformity; four gates are porous pipe irrigation system for the flow tubes, and the blind to cross the flow tube as compared to the wall can reduce the work under stress, and reduce the damage to the opportunity to prolong the service life of thin-walled tube; are five gates to facilitate the installation of irrigation systems, pipes, and, upon request, to fight孔安outlet assembly to ensure the accuracy of positioning with the outlet.

一是灌溉水经配水口直接进入沟畦，实现无输水损失，极大地提高了水的利用率；二是管灌溉系统代替配水垄沟，不占地，且右重复使用，降低了灌溉投资；三是利用配水口的闸板开度来调节准确恒定地控制进入沟畦的流量，适用于不同土质和规格不同的沟畦，可大大提高灌水均匀度；四是闸管灌溉系统为多孔出流管，与等过流量的盲管相比，可降低管壁承受的工作压力，并减少受损机会，从而延长薄壁管的使用寿命；五是闸管灌溉系统安装方便，并可根据要求打孔安装配水口，确保配水口定位的准确性。

The civil engineering scope is very wide, including the house construction engineering,highway and city road engineering,railroad engineering,bridge engineering,tunnel engineering,airport engineering,underground engineering,water supply to drain engineering,port wharf engineering etc..

土木工程范围非常广，包括房屋建筑工程、公路与城市道路工程、铁道工程、桥梁工程、隧道工程、机场工程、地下工程、给水排水工程、港口码头工程等。

Works - mainly undertake the following business: intelligent building, smart systems integration weak plot lump-sum engineering, integrated wiring systems engineering, computer network systems integration engineering, computer room engineering, earthing, lightning protection engineering, anti-theft alarm, closed circuit monitoring system , public radio, background music systems engineering,(offices, schools, factories and karaoke OK) multi-function room audio-visual, frequency, and conferencing systems, lighting, sound systems engineering, IC card access control, electric door, video intercom doorbell system engineering , parking autotoll systems engineering, remote telephone, video conferencing systems engineering company based in Guangdong, for the country, major customers, including banks, tax, post and telecommunications, railway, companies, state organs, the property companies.

工程方面-主要承接以下业务：智能大厦、智能小区弱电系统集成总包工程、综合布线系统工程、计算机网络系统集成工程、计算机机房工程、接地、防雷工程、防盗报警、闭路监控系统工程、公共广播、背景音乐系统工程、（机关、学校、工厂及卡拉OK）多功能厅音视、频及会议系统、灯光音响系统工程、门禁IC卡、电动门、可视对讲门铃系统工程、停车场自动收费系统工程、远程电话、电视会议系统工程、公司立足于广东、面向全国，主要客户包括银行、税务、邮电、铁路、公司、国家机关、物业公司等。

By comprehensive evaluation of different irrigation methods such as irrigation, irrigation pipe gate, horizontal border, in the current economic and technological conditions, the level of border irrigation is the most appropriate way of surface irrigation in the TarimBasin.

通过对波涌灌、闸管灌、水平畦灌等不同灌溉方式综合评价，在目前的经济、技术条件下水平畦灌是最适合塔里木盆地的地面灌溉方式。

You can get the best service in the first-class cabin, but you pay for it.

在头等舱可以得到最好的服务，但那是你付钱买来的。

It will make the characters of ethnical and local culture eliminated. On the other hand, this tendency stimulates the arousal of the selfconsciousness of ethnical and local culture. The selfconsciousness comes from the recognition, that is the global culture be a combination of kinds of local culture, not a one kind of culture.

民族和地区&的概念从来就是与&全球的概念相伴的，人类文化的全球化趋势同时也促进了民族性和地区性文化意志的勃兴和加强，它们构成了多种文化并存的全球文化体系中的有机组成部分。