查询词典 international trade

Other major overseas travel trade events attended by the HKTA along with industry partners from Hong Kong, included the World Travel Market in London, the International Tourism Exchange in Berlin, the Asia Travel Mart in Singapore, the Pacific Travel Association Travel Mart and Conference in Beijing, the Arabian Travel Market in Dubai, the Japan Congress of International Travel and Travel Trade Show in Tokyo, Borsa Internationale del Turismo in Milan, and Feria International del Turismo in Madrid.

旅游协会又联同香港旅游同业，参与多项主要海外旅游业活动，包括在伦敦举行的世界旅游展销会、柏林的国际旅游展览会、新加坡的亚洲旅游博览、北京的亚太旅游协会旅游汇展、迪拜的阿拉伯旅业展销活动、东京的日本旅游代理商联会及旅游业展览，以及在米兰和马德里举行的国际旅游业务展览。注意，注意力集中

Many official international bodies have been formed through the years to facilitate trade and to solve pressing problems, for example:(1) to provide a means for discussing and addressing grievances among nations, e.g., United Nations;(2) to formulate rules and procedures for commercial and other interactions between countries, e.g., Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations Commission for Trade and Development, European Economic Community;(3) to supervise and monitor global monetary and related affairs, e.g., International Monetary Fund;(4) to assist in planning and financing development projects, e.g., International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; and (5) to offer direct aid, e.g., as offered by various regional development banks around the world.

多年以来，许多国际官方机构已经形成，它们在促进贸易和解决紧迫问题方面起到了很大的作用，例如：（1）为国家之间提供了讨论和解决怨恨的有效手段，如联合国；（2）在国家之间制定了商业和其他互动的规则和程序，例如，经济合作与发展组织、联合国贸易和发展委员会、欧洲经济共同体；（3）监督和监测全球货币及相关事务，例如，国际货币基金组织；（4）协助发展项目的规划和融资，例如，国际复兴开发银行；（5）提供直接援助，比如，由世界各地的区域发展银行提供直接援助。

By analyzing the enterprise value chains, we can say that the division, transferring, and conformity of MNCs value chains create intra-firm trade in pursuing international competitive advantage. In order to pursue international competitive advantage, it is the basic reason of the creation intra-firm trade that MNCs recompose their value chains.

从企业价值链的角度分析跨国公司内部贸易的产生，内部贸易实际上是企业为追求国际竞争优势，而将某些关键价值链环节进行分割、在价值增值环节的转移或整合的过程中形成的。

The thesis has three theoretic fundamentals. The first basis is the theory of international relation, which contains several concepts such as state interest, international cooperation, international regimes , international governance, international negotiation democracy and international political economy. The second one is the game theory, which includes such concepts as game theory, Nash equilibrium and Pareto optimum, six basic game graphs are prisoner's dilemma, boxed pigs, chicken, hegemony, stag bant and battle of the sexes, the major factors are information communication, benefits allocation, hegemony power, time ＆ repeated and player number etc. The third one is the theory of environmental economics, whose prime concepts are public good, externality, free riding and market failure, but the methods to internalize externality are cap ＆ trade , carbon taxes and policy ＆ measures .

本文有3个理论基础：一是国际关系理论，其基本概念包括：国家利益、国际合作、国际制度、国际治理、国际谈判民主制和国际政治经济学；二是博弈论，其基本概念包括：博弈论、纳什均衡与帕累托最优，所采用的6种基本博弈图式为，囚徒困境博弈、智猪博弈、斗鸡博弈、盟主博弈、捕鹿博弈和性别战博弈，影响博弈结局的要素主要是，信息与沟通、利益分配与利益选择、盟主与引导力量、时间与重复博弈、博弈者数量的影响；三是环境经济学理论，其基本概念包括：公共物品、外部性、搭便车和市场失灵，解决外部性的基本方法是，限量与交易、碳税和政策与措施。

Following its accession to the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1980, China joined in succession more than ten international conventions, treaties, agreements and protocols, such as the "Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property,""Patent Cooperation Treaty,""Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for thePurposes of Patent Procedure,""Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs,""Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks,""Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the Registration of Marks,""Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks,""Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights,""International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,""Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,""Universal Copyright Convention," and "Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication."

自1980年加入世界知识产权组织后，中国相继加入《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《专利合作条约》、《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物菌种保藏布达佩斯条约》、《工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定》、《商标国际注册马德里协定》、《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》、《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》、《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》、《国际植物新品种保护公约》、《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《世界版权公约》和《保护录音制品制作者防止未经许可复制其录音制品公约》等10多个国际公约、条约、协定或议定书。

Following its accession to the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1980, China joined in succession more than ten international conventions, treaties, agreements and protocols, such as the "Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property,""Patent Cooperation Treaty,""Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure,""Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs,""Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks,""Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the Registration of Marks,""Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks,""Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights,""International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,""Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,""Universal Copyright Convention," and Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication.

自1980年加入世界知识产权组织后，中国相继加入《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《专利合作条约》、《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物菌种保藏布达佩斯条约》、《工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定》、《商标国际注册马德里协定》、《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》、《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》、《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》、《国际植物新品种保护公约》、《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《世界版权公约》和《保护录音制品制作者防止未经许可复制其录音制品公约》等10多个国际公约、条约、协定或议定书。

Since 1980 when China first acceded to the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, it has acceded successively to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respects of Integrated Circuits, Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, Universal Copyright Convention, Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against Unauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Service for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks, Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design, Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification, International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants and WTO'S Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of IPR (See Table 2 for information about China's accession to international conventions for the protection of IPR).

自1980年中国加入《建立世界知识产权组织公约》起至今，中国先后加入了《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》、《商标国际注册马德里协定》、《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《世界版权公约》、《保护音像制作者防止非法复制公约》、《国际专利合作公约》、《商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》、《为专利程序目的进行微生物存放的国际承认的布达佩斯条约》、《建立工业设计国际分类洛加诺协定》、《国际专利分类斯特拉斯堡协定》、《保护植物新品种国际公约》、世贸组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》等（中国加入知识产权国际条约的情况见下文表2）。

Since 1980 when China first acceded to the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, it has acceded successively to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respects of Integrated Circuits, Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, Universal Copyright Convention, Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against Unauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Service for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks, Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design, Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification, International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants and WTO'S Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of IPR.

自1980年中国加入《建立世界知识产权组织公约》起至今，中国先后加入了《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》、《商标国际注册马德里协定》、《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《世界版权公约》、《保护音像制作者防止非法复制公约》、《国际专利合作公约》、《商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》、《为专利程序目的进行微生物存放的国际承认的布达佩斯条约》、《建立工业设计国际分类洛加诺协定》、《国际专利分类斯特拉斯堡协定》、《保护植物新品种国际公约》、世贸组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》等（中国加入知识产权国际条约的情况见下文表2）。

Invites international and regional organizations linked with my Office, if necessary: the United Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Asia-Europe Meeting, ASEAN Regional Forum, the Group of Eight, the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation, the Asia Cooperation dialogue, the League of Arab States, Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Arab Parliamentary Union, the Andean Community, the Eastern and Southern Africa Common Market, the East African Community, the ASEAN and China, Japan, South Korea summit meeting, Association of Southeast Asian Nations East Asia - Latin America Cooperation Forum, the Organization of African Unity, the International Telecommunication Union, Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Maritime Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association, the International Labor Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, the Bank for International Settlements, the International Criminal Police Organization, the International Organization for Migration, the Gulf Cooperation Council, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation, Organization of the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, the Latin American Economic System Latin American Integration Association, the Latin American Parliament, the Rio Group, UNESCO, the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Commission for Social Development, the Organization of American States, Inter-American Development Bank, the Southern African Development Community, Mercosur, the South Center, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the Group of 77, World Economic Forum, the World Tourism Organization, the World Trade Organization, the World Energy Council, the World Meteorological Organization, the World Health Organization, the Pacific Community, Pacific Islands Forum

请各国际和地区组织与我处联系，如果有需要：联合国，亚太经合组织，上海合作组织，亚欧会议，东盟地区论坛，八国集团，大湄公河次区域经济合作，亚洲合作对话，阿拉伯国家联盟，阿拉伯马格里布联盟，阿拉伯石油输出国组织，阿拉伯议会联盟，安第斯共同体，东部和南部非洲共同市场，东非共同体，东盟与中、日、韩领导人会议，东南亚国家联盟，东亚－拉美合作论坛，非洲统一组织，国际电信联盟，国际复兴开发银行，国际海事组织，国际货币基金组织，国际金融公司，国际开发协会，国际劳工组织，国际民航组织，国际清算银行，国际刑事警察组织，国际移民组织，海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会，红十字国际委员会，环印度洋地区合作联盟，拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织，拉丁美洲经济体系，拉丁美洲一体化协会，拉丁美洲议会，里约集团，联合国教科文组织，联合国麻醉品委员会，联合国难民署，联合国社会发展委员会，美洲国家组织，美洲开发银行，南部非洲发展共同体，南方共同市场，南方中心，南亚区域合作联盟，七十七国集团，世界经济论坛，世界旅游组织，世界贸易组织，世界能源理事会，世界气象组织，世界卫生组织，太平洋共同体，太平洋岛国论坛

According to incomplete statistics, from early August to the end of November, just four months in a Beijing Taiwan exposition on the 10, which both fall in trade exhibitions will be held July, the month of October the Beijing International City real estate fairs, Beijing, China real estate transactions and in the exhibition organized by the China International Exhibition Center will be moved to Hi citizens, but also including some exhibitions "New Horizons"-- as in the Beijing Exhibition organized by Huambo time and lofty international exhibition company exhibition companies in the green, residential technology exhibitions will be the National Day theme, Also in the exhibition organized by the Beijing International Expo and real estate services by the United States International Data Group ('94) and the Beijing Hidden Dragon exhibition at the China International Science and Technology Exhibition Center company organized autumn fashion exhibitions.

据不完全统计，从8月初至11月底，短短4个月北京一地集中了十余台展会，其中既包括在国贸举办的老牌秋季房展会、10月份的北京国际城市房地产交易会、中国北京房地产交易展示会以及在中国国际展览中心举办的迁喜房展会，也包括一些房展会&新秀&――如在北京展览馆举办的由万博盛世展览公司和远大国际展览公司承办的以绿色、科技住宅为主题的国庆房展会、同样在北京展览馆举办的国际房地产服务博览会以及由美国国际数据集团和北京藏龙展览公司在中国国际科技会展中心举办的秋季时尚房展会。

The big eared hedgehog, the little owl, the sand gecko, the three-toed jerboa, and every show needs a villain - saw-scale - the viper!

大耳刺猬，小猫头鹰，沙壁虎，三趾跳鼠，每场戏都需要反派角色：蝰蛇。

Plasmodiophora brassicae ; resting spores ; density gradient centrifugation of sucrose ; ultrasonic disruption

根肿；休眠孢子；蔗糖密度梯度离心；超声波破碎