查询词典 institutions

Indeed, any toxic asset purchase or guarantee programme must be an ineffective, inefficient and inequitable way to rescue inadequately capitalised financial institutions: ineffective, because the government must buy vast amounts of doubtful assets at excessive prices or provide over- generous guarantees, to render insolvent banks solvent; inefficient, because big capital injections or conversion of debt into equity are better ways to recapitalise banks; and inequitable, because big subsidies would go to failed institutions and private buyers of bad assets.

实际上，通过购买或担保问题资产来救助资金不足的金融机构，注定是一种不起作用、效率低下且不公平的手段：不起作用是由于政府必须以过高的价格购买大量可疑资产，或者提供过于慷慨的担保，才能使丧失偿付能力的银行重获偿付能力；效率低下是由于巨额注资或债转股才是对银行资本重组的更好方法；而不公平是由于巨额补贴将落入破产机构和不良资产的私人买家之手。

Firstly relied on the "Principal-Agent" theory, it will go through the microcosmic model analysis of corrupt behavior, including the avail analysis of "Defalcation corrupt behavior" and the equilibrium analysis of "Rent-seeking corrupt behavior", and then it will conclude some important factors which influence the corrupt behavior, such as the probability to be lighted, the salary of the officials, the degree and extent of the punishment and so on.Then it will go deep into the institutional analysis of the complicated corrupt phenomena. Relied on the institutional economics, this text will expound elaborate that during the compelling transformation of institutions, the structure of public power has an essential change. On the one hand, government has given up much public power; on the other hand, the cooperation mode between the government, the market and the society has not been perfected. So on account of the unbalance of public power structure, the disfigurement or blankness of the institutions was one of the vital institutional causes of the corruption.

首先以"委托——代理"理论为依托，对"贪污型腐败行为"和"寻租型腐败行为"进行微观的模型分析，通过对"贪污型腐败行为"的效用分析和"寻租型腐败行为"的均衡分析，推导出影响腐败行为的几个主要因素，如腐败的查处概率、政府官员的薪金、惩罚力度、个人的风险态度、租金的来源、市场主体的自主性、对行贿者的惩戒力度等等；接着对当前普遍而复杂的公共权力腐败现象进行深入的制度分析，运用制度经济学的理论，分析我国在强制性制度变迁过程中公共权力架构发生了本质的转变，政府在市场化的进程中一方面确实下放了很多公共权力，但另一方面市场和社会并没有充分发展起新的协作模式以弥补制度变迁过程中形成的制度缺陷或制度真空，因此，公共权力架构的失衡所形成的制度缺陷或制度空白成为了当前腐败蔓延的制度原因。

Article 15 The corporation or individual beyond the borders using the password products or the equipments containing the password techniques within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China shall be approved by the State Password Administration Institution; however, the foreign representative diplomatic institutions and the consular institutions stationed in the People's Republic of China shall be excluded.

第十五条境外组织或者个人在中国境内使用密码产品或者含有密码技术的设备，必须报经国家密码管理机构批准；但是，外国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构除外。

China has transformed itself from the world's greatest opponent of globalization, and greatest disrupter of the global institutions we created, into a committed member of those institutions and advocate of globalization.

中国曾经是全球化的最大的反对者和我们所建立的全球性组织的最大的捣乱者。然而如今，她已把自己变成了全球化的拥护者和这些全球性组织的负责任的参加者。中国在经济上的开放程度已远远超过了日本。

The purpose of this research is to theoretically inspect the social assistance legal institutions' historical changes and theoretical basis, the operative effectiveness of Chinese relative institutions and the legislative idea of Chinese social assistance according to the concept of economic law and in the light of social distributive law, in order to widen the theoretical achievements in the research of economic law and provide some theoretical support for the legislation of Chinese social assistance.

本文以社会救助法律制度为研究对象，研究的目的是以经济法的理念和社会分配法的视角对社会救助法律制度的历史变迁、理论基础、我国相关法律制度运行绩效以及我国社会救助立法构想进行一次全面系统深入的理论检视，以期丰富经济法的理论研究成果，并为我国社会救助立法提供理论支持。

Part two is about the analysis of theoretical basis for the social assistance legal institutions,which includes their department classification,their analysis of basic concept,their theoretical support and their analysis of value,and so on.The author holds that they regulate the redistributive economic relations requiring state intervenes appropriately and reflected by the actions of social assistance,they reflect and determine the implication and distribution of the redistributive economic relations,meanwhile they reflect and determine the distribution and direction of the benefits of social assistance intervened by state appropriately.Their appearance expresses the legal connection created for the poverty phenomena between state and the poor,so these legal institutions should be classified into the department of social distributive law in economic law which reflect the essence of economic law that state intervenes the economic relations required intervention appropriately.

第二部分是社会救助法律制度的理论基础分析，其中包括社会救助法律制度部门归属辨、社会救助法律制度的基本理念剖析、社会救助法律制度的理论支持以及社会救助法律制度的价值分析等内容，认为社会救助法律制度规制了由社会救助行为所反映出来的这种需要国家适度干预的再分配经济关系，反映并决定了这种再分配经济关系的牵连和分布，同时反映和决定了在国家适度干预下相关社会救助利益的分配和流向，其出现媒介了国家和贫困者之间因为贫困现象而生成的法律关系，这一法律制度归属于经济法部门中的社会分配法律制度子部门，明显地体现着经济法的本质属性——国家对需要干预的经济关系的适度干预。

Secondly, we choose the proportion of shares held by institutions as dependent variable, and we use log of the total asset, volatility, beta, Jensen Index, debt-to-asset ratio, dividend yield, turnover ratio, years listed in exchange and HS300 Index dummy as explanatory variables. Then we set up a multiple regression model. Finally, we use the cross-sectional data from the end of 2006 to the end of 2007Q3 to test the relationship between the explanatory variables and the proportion held by institutions.

具体方法如下：首先，在已有研究成果的基础上，对我国机构投资者的审慎性持股偏好提出了两个假设；其次，以机构持股占个股流通盘的比例为因变量，以公司的总资产对数值、波动率、贝塔值、Jensen指标、资产负债率、股息率、年度换手率、上市年限为解释变量，并在引入沪深300虚拟变量后，建立了多元线性回归模型；最后，采用我国证券市场迎来历史性大牛市、机构投资者发展最为迅猛的2006年末-2007年3季末的四个横截面数据，对各解释变量与机构持股比例之间的关系进行了实证检验。

After all the real estate industry is a relatively high risk industries. The 1980s savings and loan association crisis in the United States, making more than 2,000 financial institutions collapse of frugality, the liquidation of these institutions spent more than 10, a loss of taxpayer's money and two hundred billion U.S. dollars, equivalent to the United States in 1933 GDP of 40%, the direct cause of is chasing real estate profiteering and loans by loan-to-short length, degree of concentration of residential mortgage loans in more than 82 percent, coupled with the sharp fluctuations in interest rates and other factors have resulted in crisis.

房地产行业说到底是风险比较高的行业。1980年代美国储贷协会危机，使得2000多家节俭金融机构倒闭，清算这些机构花了10以上的时间，损失了纳税人的税款2000亿美元，相当于美国1933年GDP的40%，直接原因是追逐房地产暴利，贷款是借短贷长，住宅抵押贷款集中度在82%以上，加上利率的剧烈波动等因素导致危机的产生。

The main function of excess reserve is to guarantee the financial institutions' normal payment to the customer, guard financial institutions' operational risk and protect the security of customers' deposit.

超额储备的主要职能是保证金融机构的资金以正常地支付给客户，防范金融机构的经营风险，保护客户的存款安全。

Minor relief institutions, children welfare institutions and their staff shall perform their duties according to law, and shall not maltreat or discriminate against minors, nor may they seek benefits in the work of accepting minors into their fosterage.

未成年人救助机构、儿童福利机构及其工作人员应当依法履行职责，不得虐待、歧视未成年人；不得在办理收留抚养工作中牟取利益。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。