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The techniques for obtaining initial tracing points and tracing intersection branches are the most important issues in surface intersection algorithm. This paper reviews the plane vector field method which is exploited to get initial tracing points,and gives the relation between normal curvature and tracing direction.

平面向量场与曲率分析在曲面求交中的应用宁涛，马德昌，王亚平，唐荣锡（北京航空航天大学制造工程系北京100083）摘要在曲面求交算法中，初始跟踪点的确定和交线分支的跟踪是最关键的两个问题。

By Visual Basic 6.0 program, taken the distance between hole 200mm and buried depth 120～150mm as the optimization goal, the most optimum parameters range of the mechanism was obtained as follows: the initial angle between planet frame and the line formed from spraying-fertilizer needle-tip and planet wheel axle was -45°～-40°, the initial angular displacement of planet frame was 40°～50°, the distance between spraying-fertilizer needle-tip and the planetary gear axle center was 280～300mm, simultaneously, the semi-major axis of elliptic gear was 29.364mm, the teeth quantity was 23, the ratio of semi-minor axes and semi-major axis was 0.958, the radius of circular gear was 25mm.

对该机构进行运动学分析，建立了数学模型，以穴距200mm和入土深度120～150mm为寻优目标，应用Visual Basic 6.0软件编程得出满足机构运动要求的最优参数范围为：喷肥针尖和行星轮轴连线与行星架的初始夹角-45°～-40°、行星架初始角位移40°～50°、喷肥针尖与行星轮轴心距离280～300mm，此时椭圆齿轮长半轴29.364mm、齿数23、短半轴与长半轴比0.958，正圆齿轮半径25mm。

Based on the study on how to set the initial population and operational parameter s of operators, a conclusion can be drawn that distribution of the initial population and the selection of operational parameter s of operators directly concerns global convergence and searching efficiency of genetic algorithm.

通过对遗传算法初始种群与操作参数设定问题的研究，认为初始种群的分布状态与算子操作参数的选取直接关系遗传算法的全局收敛性与搜索效率，对初始种群与各操作参数进行合理设定是应用遗传算法进行寻优计算的重要问题。

Nokia research center, Beijing 100013; 4. School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Hang University, Beijing 100083Abstract An initial quantity parameter prejudgment algorithm that can predict the initial QP precisely is proposed based on statistics of encoded frames and frame complexity eigenvalue of I frame.

基于视频图像编码前的参数信息和I帧图像复杂度的特征量分析，建立算法模型，提出了精确预测初始量化参数算法，该算法可准确预测初始量化参数。

The experimental results show that the fluid temperature distribution and the condensation behavior in the CMT dependent on the initial pressure of pressurizer and the initial temperature of CMT.

开展实验研究前利用FLUENT软件在不考虑蒸汽冷凝的条件下模拟分析了CMT内汽液两相及速度分布随时间的变化，其目的是为实验提供参考。

The initial age, gender, pubertal status, and initial curve magnitude were used as risk factors to predict the probability of curve progression to more than 30 degrees at skeletal maturity.

最初年龄、性别、青春期体质和初始曲度作为危险因子以预测骨骼成熟时曲度进展达到30°以上的可能性。

With alcoholic fermented Pyracantha fortuneana wine as the main raw material,the initial alcohol concentration,temperature,pH and initial inoculum density in acetic fermentation were studied in a single-factor experiment.

以火棘果酒为主要原料，在醋酸摇瓶发酵中，对初始酒精度、温度、pH和接种量进行单因素试验，试验结果以醋酸含量的多少为指标来评价。

The key problems of software radio and direct sequence spread spectrum range used in high range radio fuze are discussed. The effects of doppler frequency and carrier's initial random phase are analyzed. A new direct sequence spread spectrum algorithm based on software radio is proposed, by using differential encoding and quadrature demodulating, the effects of doppler frequency and carrier's initial phase on the output of inference filter are eliminated successfully.

研究了软件无线电和直接扩频测距技术在大炸高无线电引信应用中的关键技术问题，分析了由于多普勒效应引起的载波频偏以及载波随机相位对测距的影响，提出了一种基于软件无线电的直接序列扩频解调算法，通过采用差分编码和正交解调的方法，消除了多普勒频偏和载波随机相位对测距的影响。

Secondly, the rectangular coordinates and the sequence number method are used to produce the initial population of IGAE, that is, the initial chromosomes are generated with a string of sequence numbers.

然后，采用直角坐标和序号混合应用的方法产生初始种群，群体中每1个个体表示1条机器人路径，采用IGAE算法对种群进行优化，最终找出最优路径。

In order to study initial stress and ring force transfer between steel plates and concrete in the numerical analysis of RC beam strengthened by bonding steel plates,8 scale-down models of RC beam were manufactured,their loaded whole processes were analyzed by using surface-surface contact analysis method and "birth and death" element method,and a numerical analysis method of strengthening RC beam with initial stress was proposed.

0引言钢板加固钢筋混凝土结构已在国内外受到广泛应用和研究，并且已获得了大量的研究成果，但成果主要来源于室内模型试验。由于受到试验规模的制约，目前所取得的研究成果，特别是试验成果还带有较大的片面性，不能系统地反应其真实的自然规律[1-3]。

Many will continue to choose to live in duality and in conflict.

许多人将继续选择活在二元对立性和冲突中。

I find that students of the University of Physical Education all wear sportswear at first sight.

我发现：体育大学的学生乍一看，都是穿运动衣，大家都一样