查询词典 geographical

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

We choose the arid land of northwestern China as our study area because of its extensive area, specific geographical location, dry climate, varied topography, vulnerable ecosystems and long-term human disturbance, as well as the existence of current conflicts between economic development and environmental protection. Based on the literature, we choose ten desert species with clear and relatively accurate geographical distribution ranges to model their distributions:Anabasis brevifolia, Atraphaxis frutescens, Calligonum mon-golicum, Ephedra przewalskii, Gymnocarpos przewalskii, Haloxylon ammodendron, Haloxylon persicum, Ka-lidium cuspidatum, Salsola laricifolia, and Sympegma regelii.

：选择面积广阔、地理位置特殊、气候干旱、地形地貌多样、生态系统脆弱以及人类活动长期干扰，而且目前面临着西部大开发和环境保护双重矛盾的西北干旱区作为研究区域，通过收集西北干旱区多种优势种和常见种的地理分布资料，选取10种分布范围相对明确、资料相对齐备的荒漠植物种：短叶假木贼、木蓼(A- traphaxis frutescens)、沙拐枣、膜果麻黄、裸果木、梭梭柴、白梭梭、尖叶盐爪爪、松叶猪毛菜(Salsola lar- icifolia)和合头草，定量分析其地理分布与气候因子的关系，并据此估测其潜在中心分布区和潜在最大分布范围，与实际分布范围进行比较。

In the daily management of distribution network, the network structure and the equipment and they locate the geographical environment close correlation, like equipment such as transformer substation, pole tower, user, transformer, with geographical coordinate closely relates in together, but power distribution equipment management, movement management, production scheduling, plan design and so on not only must understand electrical network analysis situs relations and equipment situation, but also must grasp space position which his they is at, therefore must and its geographical coordinate the characteristic position relates the equipment the unification management.

在配电系统的日常管理中，网络的结构与设备和它们所处的地理环境密切相关，如变电站、杆塔、用户、变压器等设备，和地理坐标紧密联系在一起，而配电的设备管理、运行管理、生产调度、规划设计等不但要了解电网的拓扑关系和设备情况，还要掌握它们所在的空间位置，因此必须将设备及其地理坐标特征位置联系起来统一管理。

Firstly, the choice, division, organization and relation behavior of geographical space is proposed on the base of human geography and behavioral science; Following, from the perspective of the physiography and anthropogeography respectively, the reason forming regional characteristic of rural architecture at Baoshi village is given; Finally, the strategy of developing tourism according to the special rural architecture characteristic of Baoshi, also as its new geographical advantage in its development, is presented, which combines the preservation of rural architecture with settlement development.

该部分首先从人文地理学行为学理论出发，对宝石村的地理空间选择行为、地理空间划分行为、地理空间组织行为以及地理空间联系行为进行了探讨；随后分析了宝石村乡土建筑地域特色的自然地理之因以及人文地理之由；最后作者从宝石村的区位特色出发，提出以其特有的乡土建筑特点作为宝石村发展新的区位优势开发旅游业，实现乡土建筑保护与村落发展的结合。

It accounts for more than 64% of species recorded in China. The study was the most comlplete , systematic work about birds in Yunnan and recorded the most species of birds in Yunnan at present. The recources status and geographical distribution of birds in Yunnan were deeply studied, and the characters and evolution tendency of avifauna in Yunan, geographical division of birds in Yunnan were discussed.

本项目通过系统的分类和区系研究工作，共描记云南鸟类848种(1074种和亚种)，占中国记录鸟类种数的64％以上，是目前记录云南鸟类物种最多、最全面和最系统的工作；并在深入研究云南鸟类资源状况和地理分布的基础上，探讨了云南鸟类的区系特征及其演化趋势、三级地理区划。

Qun long canning factory in Hangzhou, packaging, quality supervision officers seized a number of on-site without authorization bearing the name "West Lake Longjing tea producing areas of origin or geographical The People's Republic of China" and protect the mark of origin or geographical site of the non-factory name tea packing box, and a number of untested printed Hangzhou Hongda Co., Chupin, with origin or geographical indications to protect the West Lake Longjing tea boxes.

在杭州群龙包装制罐厂，质监人员现场查获一批未经批准、擅自印有"龙井茶西湖产区中华人民共和国原产地域产品"的原产地域产品保护标志的无厂名厂址的茶叶包装盒，以及一批未经验证印制的杭州宏达有限公司出品、带有原产地域产品保护标志的西湖龙井茶包装盒。

GIS(Geographical Information System) provides a good solution to digitize and computerprocess the geographical information.

地理信息系统GIS(Geographical Information System)为地理信息的数字化和计算机处理提供了解决方式。

Modern approach methods of geography, ecology, quantitative analysis, expert integration, remote sensing image analysis and geographical information system were combined to reveal the matters in this paper. The eco-geographical background of the research area and the research work studied by other scholars were comprehensively expatiated. The temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and soil moisture, vegetation and soil distribution, and land use/land cover were compared as well. On the basis of foregoing analysis, the eco-geographical differentiation was discussed. According to principles and indicators, with extension engineering method and integrated analysis, the physical geography boundary between subhumid and semiarid areas were demarcated. By using remote sensing image analysis, wavelet analysis of the perennial precipitation and temperature, and the comparison of temporal and spatial variation of the desertification, this paper accounted for the regional response to global environmental change and suggested the dominant environmental problems.

本文采用了地理学与生态学相结合、定量分析与专家集成相结合、遥感图像解译和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对研究区的生态地理背景和已有研究工作进展情况给予了全面的分析和阐述；通过对区域水分条件（大气降水、土壤水分条件）、植被、土壤、土地利用／土地覆被状况等环境要素的时间与空间特征的对比分析，探讨了研究区内部生态地理特征的差异；在一定的原则指导下，通过建立指标体系，以可拓工程方法和模型为支撑，经过综合分析确定了研究区内半湿润、半干旱区界线划分方案；通过遥感图像解译、典型站点多年降水与温度的小波分析、土地沙漠化时空变化的对比分析等，说明了研究区域对全球变化的响应；表明了该区域所面临的主要环境问题。

With the in-depth application and ampliative demand of Geographical Information System, analyzing, calculating and expressing the geographic phenomena in the different scales and resolutions have become the hot focus and up to date issues.

随着地理信息系统(GIS：Geographical Information System)应用的深入和需求的扩大，在不同分辨率、不同空间尺度上对地理现象进行分析、计算和表达，已成为GIS研究领域内的热点和前沿问题。多尺度空间数据库集成和计算技术是GIS应用和服务需要解决的重要技术问题。

In this paper, we realize GIS interoperation at syntactic and semantic levels by encapsuling geographical function unit in semantic geographical web service, and describe how to interact with it with WSDL and what its geographic function means with OWLS, then present an interoperation model of semantic geographical web service.

文章通过利用WebServices技术将地理功能单元封装成语义地理Web服务，使用WSDL来描述如何与之交互的语法信息，使用OWLS来描述该服务具有怎样的地理功能的语义信息，从而在语法和语义两个层次上实现 GIS互操作，并给出了利用语义地理Web服务进行互操作的模式。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人