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By June of 2008, there were less than 80 fungal genomes that were completely or almost completely sequenced and publicly accessible representing the widest sampling of genomes from any eukaryotic kingdom. These genomes belonging to true fungi, Microsporidia and Oomyces vary in size from approximately 2.5 Mb to 81.5 Mb.

至2008年6月，近80种隶属于真菌、微孢子虫和卵菌的全基因组序列公布，代表着最广泛的真核生物，它们的基因组大小从2.5 Mb~81.5 Mb。

The second part of the paper introduces the Z curve methodology which is the basic tool in analyzing prokaryotic genomes and gives a brief introduction to the application of Z curve method in various areas such as gene finding in prokaryotic genomes, isochore structure in eukaryotic genomes and identification of replication origins in the genome of archaeon and bacteria.

论文的第二部分介绍了DNA序列的Z曲线方法，这是我们分析原核生物基因组的主要工具，同时简单介绍了Z曲线方法在基因识别，基因组的isochore结构以及在细菌和古细菌复制起始位点识别等领域的应用。

There was also not any haploid metaphases (n=16 or 19) was detected in hybrids. However, about 1-2% metaphases observed in this study was allopolyploid. GISH proved that they was made up of haploid genomes of M. nobilis (n=16) and triploid genomes of C. farreri (n=57). GISH was also employed to detect different chromosome components and identify donor chromatin in hybrids between C. farreri♀×A.

但我们检测到了约1-2%异源多倍体的分裂相，GISH分析后发现这些分裂相是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体和多倍的栉孔扇贝染色体组成，比如论文中图示了一个异源四倍体的分裂相，它是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体(n=16)和三倍的栉孔扇贝染色体(3n=57)组成。

The results showed that the organization and gene order of the mitochondrial genomes of these bivalve species studied were different from each other. The size, organization, gene numbers, and gene order of mitochondrial genomes in bivalves at different taxa were different.

结果发现，双壳贝类线粒体的基因组结构、基因排列顺序均互不相同；不同目、科和属之间线粒体基因组的大小、基因排列方式以及基因种类也存在明显的差异，尤其是基因排列方式没有明显的规律。

Genomes from all of the crucial bacterial pathogens of humans, plants and animals have now been sequenced, as have genomes from many of the important commensal, symbiotic and environmental microorganisms.

所有重要的人体、植物和动物病原菌，以及许多重要的共生、共栖和环境微生物基因组目前均已被测定。

The result suggested that different genomes had different genetic speed or stability during evolution.3 The similarities co-efficiency between wild emmer and hexaploid synthetic was higher than that between wild emmer and common wheat. So that crossing among species is not a simple combination of genomes, but involve introgression of chromosomes, and the evolution made by this action was bigger than that made by environment.4 According to the results of salt tolerance identification, the salt tolerance of wild emmer is lower than that of common wheat in the whole.

野生二粒小麦与普通小麦之间的遗传相似系数稍高于野生二粒小麦与其与节节麦合成的双二倍体的遗传相似系数，说明物种之间的杂交并不仅仅是染色体组简单的合并，其中包括复杂的染色体组本身的一些特性以及染色体之间的互渗且这种作用远大于环境作用所引起的变化。

The occurrences, relative abundance, relative density, most common and longest SSRs in the three species were analyzed and compared with each other. The results revealed that the SSRs number in B. japonicum, M. loti and S. meliloti genomes were 1410, 859 and 638, respectively. In the three genomes, tetra-, penta-and hexa-nucleotide repeats were more abundant, indicating higher mutation rates in these species.

大豆慢生根瘤菌、百脉根根瘤菌和苜蓿中华根瘤菌基因组中的SSRs分别为1410个、859个和638个，3种根瘤菌基因组中长重复的四、五、六核苷酸基序更为丰富，变异性更高。

Many ribosomal proteins are coded in protist and plant mitochondrial genomes, but there are few or none in fungi and animal genomes.

许多ribosomal 蛋白质被编码在单细胞生物和种植线粒体染色体，但有少量或无在真菌和动物染色体。

Until June 2007, seventy-eight species of Amphibians' complete sequence of mitochondrial genome were presented in GenBank. The gene numbers in the genomes range from 35 to 41; the 78 mtDNA genomes can be divided into 22 types and further clustered as 3 groups based on the gene number, kind and arrangement. The type 4 is a common type among the class Amphibia and other vertebrate, type 8 is common among the three orders of living Amphibia.

对2007年6月13日以前公布于GenBank上的78种两栖动物的线粒体基因组全序列进行了总结、比较和分析。78种基因组中基因的数量从35~41个不等；根据基因的数量、种类及其排列顺序的差别将其分为22种基因组类型，其进而聚为3组，其中类型4为两栖纲与其它脊椎动物的常见类型，类型8为两栖纲中现生3个目的公有类型。

Comparative genomics in Salicaceae, Pinaceae, Rosaceae, Fagaceae and Hamamelidaceae had shown that the organization of genomes remained highly conserved over long evolutionary periods and extensive synteny or collinarity or microcollinarity existed in tree genomes.

有关林木比较基因组学研究主要集中在杨柳科、松科、蔷薇科、壳斗科和金缕梅科的一些树种中。

This matter overthrew all basises I learned from Sunday school .

这件事把我从周日学校学到的所有道理都颠覆了。

It's one of the cruel ironies of aging: if you want to remember your favorite restaurants, the less you should eat at them.

这是一个老化的残酷讽刺：如果你想记住你最喜欢的餐馆，你应该更少吃到它们。