查询词典 genetic code

Common buckwheat ( F. esculentum ) is an allogamy crop, which is heterogony. There is heterogeneity in the species. To reveal the genetic diversity within cultivar population, In order to explore the sampling strategy that can reveal genetic diversity of buckwheat resources on the molecular level. PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers was employed to reveal the genetic diversity within nine common buckwheat varieties and one tartary buckwheat cultivar population among different individuals. We established the sampling strategy in its genetic diversity study. Then we used the established sampling strategy, and the same PCR markers technique,to analysis the genetic diversity of 86 common buckwheat resources, the main results are as follows

甜荞是花柱异长自交不亲和的异花授粉作物，品种内存在一定的异质性，为了准确揭示甜荞遗传资源的遗传多样性，本研究采用因子分析法对86份甜荞遗传资源农艺性状数据进行分析；采用长随机引物和内含子切接点引物的PCR分子标记技术，对9个甜荞品种和1个苦荞品种不同个体间的遗传多样性进行了分析，建立了甜荞资源遗传多样性研究的取样策略；并利用建立的取样策略，采用PCR标记技术，对这86份甜荞资源的遗传多样性进行了分析，取得如下主要结果

This study aims to explore the following questions: differences of the genetic polymorphism among seasonal populations; differences of genetic diversity among four age groups and between two different gender populations; testifying the Ford and Chitty hypothesis; the relationship between the genetic diversity and geographic distance; the relationship between the genetic diversity and population density; edge effect on genetic diversity.

主要探讨以下问题：季节种群间遗传多态的差异；种群年龄组和性别间遗传多样性的差异；Ford和Chitty的假说；种群遗传多样性与空间距离的关系；种群遗传多样性与密度的关系；中心区、边缘区和半岛区种群遗传多样性的差异。

A fine-grained genetic algorithm based algorithm which is for the parameters optimization problem of agent model is proposed. The fine-grained genetic algorithm is used to solve the parameters optimization problem of agent model. As to the parameters optimization problem of the agents colony model, the first step is to define the concept of "the parameters mode of the combat agents colony" to describe the parameters of the combat agent colony model. Then the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem with the parameters mode of the combat agent colony model as the genetic individual. Besides the algorithm, the algorithm dispatch tactic is also considered. And the two level sequence dispatch tactic and the two level nesting dispatch tactic are put forward for those complex parameters optimization problem. At last, the model parameters optimization under antagonism codition is studied. The means to solve this problem is to translate it into a kind of antagonism problem, then use the competitive co-evolutionary genetic algorithms to solve it.

其中：提出了一种基于细粒度模型的作战智能体模型参数优化求解算法，用细粒度模型遗传算法求解作战智能体模型参数优化问题；提出了"作战智能体群体参数模式"的概念，对作战智能体群体模型参数进行形式化描述，再以作战智能体群体参数模式为遗传个体，应用遗传算法求解作战智能体群体模型参数的优化问题；研究了上述优化问题求解算法的调度策略，提出了分层模型参数优化算法的双层顺序调度策略和双层嵌套调度策略，解决复杂的模型参数优化问题；将对抗条件下作战模型参数的优化问题转化为一种对抗性问题，应用竞争性共同进化遗传算法，进行求解。

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

The 54 accessions were classified into five major groups:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ by cluster analysis using UPGMA, which showed significant relationship with the origin regions of accessions. Genetic differentiation between and within eight eco-geographical groups of C.dactylon was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which showed that 63.81% genetic variance existed within group, and 36.19 % genetic variance was among groups, indicating rather large genetic distances among those germplasm, and there was a correlation between genetic differentiation and eco-geographical habits among the groups.

聚类分析结果表明，52份材料可聚为5类；基于Shannon多样性指数估算了8个狗牙根生态地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，类群内的遗传变异占总变异的63.81%，类群间的遗传变异占总变异的36.19%，表明这些抗源材料遗传差异较大，各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

In this study, genetic analyses were conducted to determine the genetic basis in an elite resistant inbred line Siyi with complete resistance to maize dwarf mosaic. A new genetic model, two dominant complementary genes conditioning the resistance, were found by Mendelian genetic analysis based on parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses in three successive years' field trails. The two genes were further mapped near the centromere of chromosome 3 and 6, respectively by tightly linked microsatellite markers using 242 plants from F2 generation. The resistance gene on chromosome 3 is 1.0 cM apart from the flanking markers phi053 and umc1527, respectively. Whereas the linkage distance between two flanking markers bnlg1600 and phi075 and resistance gene on chromosome 6 was 1.0 and 4.0 cM, respectively. Genotypic analysis of the plants from testcross and F3 populations supported the new genetic manners.

课题组通过连续三年的抗病鉴定，在国内种质资源中筛选出一份综合农艺性状优良、配合力较高的自交系四一，三年的表型遗传研究和两年的分子标记工作，发现四一中的玉米矮花叶病抗性是由两对显性互补基因控制的，进而利用F2作图群体，把发现的两个基因定位在第三和第六染色体的着丝点附近，并获得了双侧紧密连锁的分子标记连锁图谱，其中第三染色体上的分子标记UMC1527和phi053从抗病基因双侧逼近1 cM，而第六染色体上的分子标记phi075、bnlg1600从抗病基因双侧分别逼近4 cM和1 cM；利用B2群体、F2：3家系、BC3F1群体和带有第三、第六染色体抗病基因以及两个抗病基因的近等基因系，进一步证实了四一中成株期抗性是由两个显性互补基因控制的。

Integrating trellis-coded modulation with threaded algebraic space–time block code, trellis-coded modulation space-time block code is presented, which has the advantage of full-diversity and small detection delay. Based on TCM pre-processing, the minimum distance between different codeword matrixes of the TCMST block code is maximized, so the average bit error rate of the TCMST block code is lower than that of the TAST block code at the same signal noise ratio.

TCMST分组码具有满发送分集度和检测延迟小等优点；由于采用了TCM预处理，使得不同TCMST分组码码字矩阵间的最小距离达到了最大化，因此在相同信噪比情况下，TCMST分组码具有比TAST分组码更低的平均误比特率。

Along with the fluconazole solution density rise,the experimental two kind of strain various glucose density is higher,showe d the glucose consumption are less,takes the logarithmof the medicine de nsity,discovered the logarithm the medicine density and each glucose den sity presents the linear relations;Carries on the analysis comparison to under the fluconazole function two kind of strain linear relations,disc overed the relations of the two strains has the nonuniformity.3 Compare the fluconazole induction reaiatance SC5314 strain and sens itive strain compares,its difference gene expression mainly concentrates in:The code proteinase body and the protein hydroltyic enzyme gene,in the code sugar fat metabolism process is connected the protein gene,the cell cycle correlation gene,the duplication and the translation adjustme nt correlation gene,the stress response correlation gene,the line plast ochondria correlation gene,the cell wall function related gene.4 Candida albicans SC5314 induction resiatance strain was processed b y Xianglian solution,its expression change gene mainly is:Code stress re sponse family protein gene,biomembrane relevant gene,a code proteinase body gene race,code cell cycle related protein gene,duplication and tra nslation adjustment related protein gene.5 The clinical reaiatance strain Candida albicans was processed by Xi anglian solution,its expression change gene mainly is:Codes the hot sho ck protein gene,the serine/threonine protein activating enzyme gene,the proteinase body family gene,the regulation copies and translates the ge ne.

随着氟康唑药液的浓度上升，试验的两种菌株各孔葡萄糖浓度越高，说明葡萄糖消耗越少，经过药物浓度取对数后进行分析，发现取对数后的药物浓度和每孔中葡萄糖浓度者呈现线性关系；对氟康唑作用下的两种菌株的线性关系进行分析比较，发现对两种菌株作用具有不一致性。3氟康唑诱导的耐药SC5314菌株与诱导前的敏感株相比，其差异基因表达主要集中在：编码蛋白酶体及蛋白水解酶的基因，编码糖脂代谢过程中相关蛋白的基因，细胞周期相关基因，转录及翻译调节相关基因，应激反应相关基因，线粒体相关基因，细胞壁功能相关基因。4白念珠菌SC5314诱导耐药株经香莲外洗液作用后，其表达变化的基因主要是：编码应激反应家族蛋白的基因，生物膜相关性基因，编码蛋白酶体基因一族，编码细胞周期相关蛋白基因，转录及翻译调节的相关蛋白基因。5白念珠菌临床耐药菌株经香莲外洗液作用后，其表达变化的基因主要是：编码热休克蛋白基因，丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因，蛋白酶体家族基因，调控转录及翻译基因。

Through the source code audit such as RATS software can find the flaw information of level of partial source code, but after all the majority that software of source code audit searchs spills over for the existence buffer such as Strcpymemcpy the C function that involuntary discharge of urine has, the measure that adopts audit source code so will undertake flaw is dug is coefficient of a possibility very small leak digs a technology, and the flaw that although also can find a few software,checks in the light of the black box of software, but possibility coefficient also is met lesser, a few undertakes flaw is dug idea that are in abroad already slowly promotion writes black box to check code for oneself, the module of a certain function that is aimed at system or software next undertakes modular flaw digs a technology.

通过RATS等源代码审计软件可以找到部分源代码级别的漏洞信息，但是究竟源代码审计软件寻找的多数为strcpymemcpy等存在缓冲区溢出遗患的C函数，所以通过审计源代码的办法来进行漏洞挖掘是一个可能性系数很小的漏洞挖掘技术，而针对软件的黑盒子测试虽然也能找到一些软件的漏洞，但可能性系数也会较小，在国外的一些进行漏洞挖掘的办法已经慢慢的提升为自己写黑盒子测试代码，然后针对系统或软件的某个功能模块进行模块化的漏洞挖掘技术。

Fostering the concept of multi-culture firmly and mastering the development of advanced culture correctly are conductive to resisting terrorism, separatism of nationalities and ultraism of religion, which is of great academic theoretical, immediate and profound historical si...

牢固树立多元文化的理念和正确把握先进文化的发展方向，有助于在世界范围内自觉地抵制恐怖主义，民族分裂主义和宗教极端主义。不仅具有重大的学术理论意义，而且也具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。

But if anyone walks in the night, he stumbles, because the light is not in him.

11：10 若在黑夜行走，就必碰跌，因为那光不在他里面。