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There are 73 families, 139 genera and 179 species distributed in 0 1 ha of different land Use Stages of Daka and 70 families 146 genera and 166 species distributed in 0 08 ha different land use stages of Baka, Xishuangbanna.

与热带雨林相比较，广布种由 1 0 %分别上升为 2 0 %，而且排位由第 9位分别上升到第 3位和第 3位，表明热带山地不同土地利用阶段造成植物区系成份中热带种和亚热带种优势减小。

Four phases of the biogeographic attribution can be divided in the Ordovician period,①the phase of pan-earth genera in the Tremadocian age,②the phase of mixture by South China and North China genera from the Floian to Dawanian age,③the phase of South China type from the Darriwillian to the middle Sandbian age,④the phase of North China type from the late Sandbian to the Hirnantian age.

把奥陶纪塔里木盆地的牙形石生物地理区的演化分为4个演化阶段，①特马豆克期泛球型属种阶段、②弗洛期到大坪期华南型和华北型混生阶段、③达瑞威尔期到桑比期中期华南型阶段以及④桑比期晚期到赫南特期华北型阶段。

Twenty three species belonging to 8 tribes 19 genera of the subfamily were involved, and eight species of eight genera belonging to six subfamilies of Braconidae were used as outgroups with Rogadinae, Braconinae and Doryctinae usd as "root" to testify the monophyletic nature of the subfamily. Four new DNA sequences of D2 region of 28S ribosomal were amplified and submited to GenBank. Forty one characters of morphology were selected and analyzed in a cladistic manner.

利用&圆口类&的内茧蜂亚科Rogadinae、茧蜂亚科Braconinae、矛茧蜂亚科Doryctinae的3个亚科为根，以PAUP4.0和MrBayes3.0B4软件分别应用最大简约法和贝叶斯法对优茧蜂亚科的分子数据和分子数据与非分子数据的结合体进行了分析；并以PAUP4.0对优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列的片段的碱基组成与碱基替代情况进行了分析。

The intergeneric phylogenetic trees of water lilies showed that Nelumbo and Ceratophyllum form a sister group, but with relatively high sequence divergence, supporting that place the two genera into two distinct families; and Brasenia and Cabomba form a sister group, with relatively low sequence divergence, supporting that the two genera were placed the same family Cabombaceae.

结果表明：莲属与金鱼藻属构成姐妹群，但序列分歧度较大，支持将两个属独立成科的观点；莼菜属与水盾草属构成姐妹群，且序列分歧度较小，支持现有的莼菜科处理。

The circumscription of the Minaceae, phylogenetic relationships of genera and its reative were evaluated using morphology and molecular data of rbcL and trnL-F gene of the chloroplast genome.A total of 4 genera and 19 taxa were examined in this study.And some data of Bryaceae were downloaded from Genebank for this analysis. Phylogenetic trees obtained from neighbour jioning and maximum parsimony methods.

本研究用直接测序法测定了提灯藓科4属19种植物的rbcL和trnL-F基因序列，并从Genebank中下载了该科和真藓科的部分基因序列，采用邻接法和最大简约法分别构建了rbcL和trnL-F两个基因片段的系统树，并结合形态方面的分支分析，探讨了提灯藓科的范畴、科内各属的亲缘关系及与其临近科间的关系。

In order to direct the construction of plant germplasms by elucidating the relatives among plants at the level of gene, CYP86MF gene analogues from 11 species of 6 genera in Cuciferae were respectively obtained by PCR strategy using gene specific primers designed from conserved regions of CYP86MF gene reported. Sequence comparisonindicated that the similarities among the genes at nucleotide level were over 80%, and the similarities at amino acid level remained above 70%. The differences between the genes at nucleotide and amino acid level between species were 1.0%~ 5.7% and 2.6%~ 7.3% respectively, while those between genera 5.6%~ 22.5% and 7.3%~ 31.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Brassica was closely related to Raphanus, followed by Rorippa Scop, Arabidopsis Heynh, Capsella Medic orderly, most distantly related to Orychophrogmus.

为了从分子水平阐明十字花科植物间的亲缘进化关系，给植物种质资源的创建提供理论依据，试验根据课题组已报道的CYP86MF基因编码的氨基酸保守区域设计特异引物，运用PCR技术分别从十字花科6个属11个物种中分离克隆到了CYP86MF基因的同源序列，经比较分析，结果表明：这些同源序列的相似性达80%以上，所推导的氨基酸序列相似性达70%以上，且两者种间差异分别为1.0%~ 5.7%和2.6%~ 7.3%，属间差异分别是5.6%~ 22.5%和7.3%~ 31.2%；由氨基酸序列构建的分子系统树可知，在亲缘进化关系上芸薹属与萝卜属较近，其他依次为蔊菜属、拟南芥属、荠菜属，而与诸葛菜属最远。

Comprises genera Hamamelis; Corylopsis; Fothergilla; Liquidambar; Parrotia; other small genera.

包含金缕梅属；蜡瓣花属；福氏金缕梅属；胶皮糖香树；其它小型属。

Phylogenetic relationships of Dothideales and its allies were investigated based on analyses of nrDNA 18S (44 sequences of 31 species belonging to 20 genera) and 28S (41 sequences of 33 species belonging to 18 genera) partial sequences.

摘 要：本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28S nrDNA部分序列片段进行分析，探讨它们属间的系统学关系。

Phylogenetic relationships of Dothideales and its allies were investigated based on analyses of nrDNA 18S (44 sequences of 31 species belonging to 20 genera) and 28S (41 sequences of 33 species belonging to 18 genera) partial sequences.

本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28S nrDNA部分序列片段进行分析，探讨它们属间的系统学关系。

The monotypic genus Macrovalsaria previously of uncertain taxonomic position turns out to be a member of Botryosphaeriales and seems to be related to Botryosphaeria. The placement of Neopeckia and of Dothidotthia is in Dothideales and Botryosphaeriales, respectively. The genera Plowrightia and Botryosphaeria as currently defined are not monophyletic. Species of Plowrightia appear to be associated with three genera, Dothidea, Neopeckia and Sydowia; those of Botryosphaeria tested are recognized as three groups.

结果还显示，座囊菌纲中分类地位不确定的属Macrovalsaria与Botryosphaeria的关系相对接近，应该归于葡萄座腔菌目；历史上分类地位有疑问的Neopeckia和Dothidotthia两个属处于不同的目中，前者属于座囊菌目，后者为葡萄座腔菌目的成员；座囊菌目的Plowrightia属并非单系群，该属成员分别与Dothidea、Neopeckia和Sydowia三个属聚类在一起；现行的Botryosphaeria属也非单系群，其属的概念有待澄清。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。