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It indicated that, brecciated granodiorite was foemed mainly by chemical attack, brecciated ore and brecciated marble were hydraulic breccias which were formed mainly by mechanical process, and the energy when brecciated ore was formed is higher than the energy when brecciated marble was formed.During the research of tectono-geochemistry in the south part of Fenghuangshan copper deposit, it is discovered that the fractal character of Cu is multifractality, and different from each other according to the geological bodies.

凤凰山铜矿床南区构造地球化学取样分析中的Cu元素含量具有多重分形的特点，且不同的地质体中其分形特征不同，结合Cu元素在不同地质体中的分布特点，说明本区不同地质体所经历的成矿作用不同，其中以石英二长闪长岩所经历的成矿作用强度较大，较有利于成矿元素的富集。

The influence of microwave radiation on Ullmann reaction has been investigated by three Ullmann reactions, including triphenylamine formed by treating the diphenylamine with bromobenzene or Chlorobenzene which substitutes Iodobenzene; 4,4\'-dimethyltriphenylamine formed by treating 4,4\'-dimethyldiphenylamine with bromobenzene which substitutes Iodobenzene; 4,4\',4-trinitrotriphenylamine formed by treating 4-chloronitrobenzene with p-nitroaniline in this paper.

实验表明，在微波辐射条件下，顺式比反式迈克尔反应活性高；若在丁烯二酸的双键上引入甲基后，降低了进行迈克尔加成反应的活性；引入酯基对双键的影响比腈基有利于进行迈克尔反应，丙烯酸甲酯较丙烯腈的迈克尔反应活性高。

SEM and TEM images showed that hexagon-shaped crystals formed within garlic roots; Cone and caky crystal formed on outer surface of root; flower-like crystal formed on outer stem surface of garlic sprouts, and polyhedron crystal presented in inner of garlic sprouts.

电镜测试表明，在蒜芽根须内部生成了六边形状的晶体，外部形成了锥体状和圆饼状的晶体；而在蒜芽的芽部外表面形成的晶体则呈花瓣状，内部形成的晶体呈多面体状；在蒜芽的反应溶液中主要生成了树枝状的晶体。

Based on the settings and geological and geochemical characteristics of granitoids of different orogenic belts (exemplified by orogenic granitoids in Altay, East Kunlun, Yanshan in North China, Northeast China and Nanling in South China), the relationships between granitoids and continental crustal growth are discussed, and five modes of continental crustal growth in the continent of China are proposed;they are as follows:(1)the Altay mode of continental growth is that the material and heat of the Paleozoic convertive mantle formed on the background of the Paleo-Asian Ocean were input into the Paleozoic continent and mixed with the materials of the upper crust;(2) the East Kunlun mode is that the basement of the Proterozoic orogenic belt was reworked by the heat input and materials of the Paleozoic-early Mesozoic convective mantle formed on the background of TTG continental crust of the Proterozoic orogenic belt;(3) the Northeast China style is that the Phanerozoic continental crust was reworked by the heat input and materials from the convective mantle formed on the background of the Yanshanian Central Asian orogenic belt;(4) the Yanshan mode is that the Archean basement was reworked by the heat input and materials from the Yanshanian convective mantle;and (5) the Nanling mode is that in South China what was input by the Yanshanian convective mantle into the continent was mainly heat and subordinately materials and the crustal material recycle was the dominant mode for the continental growth (showing zero continental growth).

根据不同造山带花岗岩的形成背景，地质地球化学特征差异，以阿尔泰，东昆仑，华北燕山，东北和南岭造山带花岗岩为例讨论花岗岩与大陆地壳生长的关系，区分出中国大陆的5种大陆地壳生长方式：阿尔泰式是古亚洲洋背景上形成的古生代对流地幔物质，热输入和上地壳混合为主的方式；东昆仑式是元古代造山带TTG陆壳背景基础上古生代—早中生代对流地幔物质和热输入，改造元古宙造山带基底的方式；东北式是燕山期中亚造山带背景上对流地幔物质和热输入改造显生宙陆壳的生长方式；燕山式是燕山期对流地幔物质和热输入改造太古宙基底的方式；南岭式燕山期对流地幔输入大陆的是以热为主，物质为辅，大陆地壳生长是以陆壳物质再循环为主的生长方式。

The minerogenetic geotectonic background of typical copper deposits is proved according to the geotectonic evolution,genetic type of deposit, the genetic type of metallogenic mother rock and metallogenic epoch, and the results show: Gongpoquan volcanic rock type copper deposit formed in late eu-geosyncline phase, Gongpoquan porphyry copper deposit formed in orogenic phase, Baishantang copper deposit formed in geosynclinal phase.

综合考虑区域大地构造演化史、矿床成因类型、成矿母岩岩石类型及成岩成矿时代来论证北山地区典型铜矿床成矿大地构造背景，结果表明公婆泉铜矿区斑岩型铜矿形成于褶皱造山期、火山热液型铜矿形成于优地槽期，白山堂铜矿形成于地槽期。

According to the uplift rate of 0.133-0.4 cm/a, the old moraine was formed in 610±50 ka, the glacial rock surface was formed in 140±9 ka and the roche moutonnee was formed in 18.6±0.2 ka.

由于终碛垄是冰盛期结束时遗留下来的，而冰川擦痕面是冰期结束过程中暴露出来的，因此不同冰川地貌面反映的冰期中的冰川事件是不同的。

According to the idea of uplift early, it can be calculated that the old moraine was formed in 459.42 ka BP, the glacial rock surface was formed in 122.5 ka BP and the roche moutonnee was formed in 18.3 ka BP.

根据80万年来的阶段性的隆升速率介于0.133 cm/a – 0.4 cm/a之间，计算出老终碛垄的形成年代为564.96 ka－656.27 ka，取值为610±50 ka；冰蚀基岩面的形成年代为130.85 ka－149.37 ka，取值为140±9 ka；羊背石的形成年代为18.494 ka－18.790 ka，取值为18.6±0.2 ka。

The periostea of both experimental and control side of the mandibular ramus were taken and prepared, 2 of each 5 rabbits in a group were prepared for HE stain detection and 3 for proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical detection.Results:1, The newly formed bone was detected on the lateral aspect of mandibular ramus after periosteal distraction. The bone was shaped like a hill. It looked very low and was full of holes at postoperative day 28. With the time of consolidation period lengthened, the newly formed bone matured gradually. X-ray examination showed the new bone shaped like a hill. The average values of new bone height at postoperative days 28,35,42 and 56 were 1.86 + 0.15mm, 2.29 + 0.29mm,3.19 + 0.13mm and 4.70 + 0.45mm. Histological examination of both HE stain and picricacid-fuchsin stain showed the increase in the number of osteoblasts and the change in the orientation of collagen fibers and bone trabecula. There were no significant differences between newly formed bone and original bone on the lateral aspect of mandibular ramus at postoperative day 56 histologically.2 Compared with the control side, the distracted periostea proliferated obviously under the microscope, and the number of periostealcells increased with satiation of cellular nuclear per unit area. The images of PCNA immunohistochemical stain of periosteum showed that the experimental periosteum proliferated obviously after distraction compared with the control side.

结果：骨膜牵张成骨的实验研究南京医科大学硕{学位论文l、骨膜牵张后，可见下领升支外侧的骨皮质上有新骨形成，新骨呈山峰状凸起，术后第28天的新生骨较低平，多孔隙，随着固定时间的延长，新骨逐渐成熟；下领升支前后向切线位X线投照显示新骨呈山峰样隆起；经测量，术后第28、35、42和56天组平均新生骨厚度分别为x.86士0.15mm、2.29士0.29mm、3.19士0.13mm和4.70 土0.45mm；脱钙骨组织的HE染色和不脱钙骨组织的苦味酸一品红染色的组织学观察均显示了新生骨在成骨细胞数量上的增长，以及胶原纤维和骨小梁排列方向上的变化，术后第56天的新生骨在组织学上与原升支骨组织已无明显区别。2、HE染色显示，与对照组相比较，实验侧骨膜增生明显，细胞间排列紧密，单位面积内骨膜细胞数增多，细胞核饱满；骨膜PCNA 免疫组化染色显示，与对照侧相比较，实验侧骨膜在牵张后出现了明显的增生迹象，PCNA阳性细胞分布紧密，单位面积内阳性细胞数较对照组多，靠近骨表面的骨膜中的阳性细胞数更多而且分布更为紧密。

At least, three types of earthquake related fault rocks including pseudotachylyte formed by typical fast fault movement, no orientated ultra-cataclasite or sinter breccias may formed by weak earthquake faulting, and stockwork microbreccias formed by autochthonous powerful shock at the source are discovered, in which some of the original sources parameters are remained.

至少区分出三种地震断层产物和两种震源破裂方式：典型快速地震断层形成的假玄武玻璃；或许与弱震有关的无组构超碎裂岩或熔结角砾岩，以及强烈原地震动成因的网脉状微角砾岩。

Based on the regional tectonic evolution, combined with the high precision isotopic ages from this paper and other geologists, we have some new acquaintances as follows: 1 There has no Caledonian granite belt distributed in north margin of North China Craton. So, the traditional evolving model of North China Carton, which formed on this idea and the acquaintance about the collision of North China plate and Siberian plate, must be incorrect; 2 The age date show that the earliest magmatic activity began since late-Palaeozoic Permian, which is inconsistent with the previous idea that there were Caledonian and Hercynian active continental margin in the north of North China Craton and in the south Xingkai Massif. 3 the crust and lithosphere were thickened by the subduction and collision of Siberia plate and North China plate during Late Paleozoic. The magma is formed when the crust is heated and melts caused by thickened lithosphere delamination and caused the Asthenosphere upwelling. But only a little basaltic magma erupted, most magma underplate under the bottom of the crust. Thermal energy derived from basaltic magma underplating made the middle and lower crust melt partially and the late Permian-early Triassic granites is formed in large scale.

根据区域构造演化分析，并结合本文及他人高精度同位素年龄，我们对延边花岗岩形成的大地构造环境有了新的认识：1在华北地台北缘并不存在所谓的加里东花岗岩带，因此，建立在此之上的传统的华北地台北缘演化模式及有关西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞拼合的认识也必然是不正确的；2华北地台北缘和兴凯地块南缘不存在加里东期和海西期花岗岩带，表明两地块边缘最早的花岗质岩浆活动始于晚古生代的二叠纪，即不存在传统观点所认为的加里东期或海西期活动陆缘；3晚古生代由于西伯利亚板块与华北板块的俯冲碰撞，致使地壳和岩石圈增厚，导致加厚岩石圈发生拆沉作用，使得软流圈上涌，加热地壳使之熔融形成岩浆，但玄武质岩浆少量喷出地表，大部分底侵于地壳底部，形成下地壳高密度的玄武质底侵层，玄武质岩浆底侵的热能引起中下地壳广泛部分熔融，形成大面积分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世花岗岩。

It was just a normal day of school

那只是上学的普通一天

Which is a very good reference in this issue.

这是一个在这个问题上很好的参考。