查询词典 falling gradient

The electrochemical analysis results show that the polarization potential of gradient coating was obviously lower than that of the non-gradient coating electrode.

电化学测试结果表明，与非梯度镀层相比，梯度镀层的极化电位在各电流密度条件下都显著低于非梯度镀层电极。

In this region, small holes around the existence of pressure gradient and temperature gradient.

在这个区域，小孔的周围存在压力梯度和温度梯度。

The projection gradient method will be a possible way to solve the problem that we just get. It has been shown that the projections of the every directions, of which is the boundary point in linear restraint problems, are the possible decent directions, and the projection of negative grads direction is a decent direction. In 1960, Rosen proposed the basic idea of projection gradient methods, and then lots of researchers have been tried to find the convergence of this method. But most of them get the convergence with the condition to amend the convergence itself.

在约束最优化问题的算法中怎样寻找有效的下降方向是构造算法的重要内容，在寻找下降方向方面可行方向法中的投影梯度法有效的解决了下降方向的寻找问题，利用线性约束问题边界点的任意方向在边界上的投影都是可行方向，而负梯度方向的投影就是一个下降方向。60年代初Rosen提出投影梯度法的基本思想，自从Rosen提出该方法以后，对它的收敛性问题不少人进行了研究，但一般都是对算法作出某些修正后才能证明其收敛的，直到最近对Rosen算法本身的收敛性的证明才予以解决。

But the projection used in gradient projection method is an orthogonal projection which does not contain the second derivative information of objective and constrained functions,thus the convergence rate of gradient projection method is not contented.

但是，梯度投影法所采用的投影是正交投影，不包含目标函数和约束函数的二阶导数信息·因而；收敛速度不太令人满意。

In the optimal control of kinematics for redundant robots, two new concepts, the matrix weightability measure and the self-motion declinability measure are proposed. Further, a modified weighted gradient projection method which combines gradient projection method with weighted least-norm solution is presented, it can attain ideal optimal effects at low velocities.

本文对冗余自由度机器人的运动学、动力学和容错等方面的优化控制进行了深入的分析和探讨：在冗余度机器人运动学优化控制方面，提出矩阵可加权度和自运动可衰度的概念，将梯度投影法和加权最小范数解法有机的相结合，形成可优化能力强、关节速度较低的改进的加权梯度法。

The computational formula of the gradient matrix in subspace is obtained by applying Taylor series expansions, decomposition theorem of space and projective theorem (The gradient matrixs in different subspace are different).

利用子空间上的泰勒展式、空间分解定理以及投影定理得到了子空间上梯度矩阵的计算公式(不同的子空间，梯度矩阵是不相同的)。

Firstly, an Iterative Closest Point algorithm is applied for coarse registration. Secondly, gradient feature is extracted from image. Based on the principle of projective transformation, the fine registration is performed by finding the maximum CT gradient projections.

首先基于一种最近点迭代法进行快速粗配准；然后提取图像的梯度特征，根据投影变换原理，采用寻找具有CT最大梯度投影位置的方法进行精配准。

According to More Effect,when the Hore component is placed in a gradient field,at the same time the direction of the current is perpendicular to the direction of the voltage,then between the two parallel side face come out the Hore voltage. When Hore component is set in this kind of uni-gradient magnetic field and the electric current is unchanged,the voltage output of Hore component will be proportional to the position of the Hore component in the magnetic field.

根据霍尔效应可知，置于磁场中的霍尔元件若电流方向与磁场方向垂直，则在霍尔元件垂直于磁场和电流方向的两个侧面将产生电势，将霍尔元件置于强度随空间位置线性变化的磁场中，且控制电流恒定，输出就正比于霍尔元件处于磁场中的位置，因此可以用霍尔元件来测量磁场与霍尔元件间的相对位移量。

Based on the data of 5 years in 1970s with duct present and those of December 1990, refractivity at height of 1 km, the average gradient of refractivity and surface refractivity are obtained by regression of the refractivity profiles to exponential models. And it is found that the constants in the exponential relation of refractivity of 1 km above ground and the mean vertical refractivity gradient in the first kilometer height with the surface value of refractivity are 110.6, 0.002 9 and -8.6, 0.004 7 respectively according the data of the 1970s?

对上世纪70年代中5年内波导出现的数据和1990年12月份的全部数据的研究表明：贴地波导出现时，它们的值及其和Ns指数关系的常数分别是110.6、0.002 9和-8.6、0.004 7，地面上1 km处的折射率N1k及地面上第一公里内的平均折射率梯度dN1和地面折射率Ns的相关性比没有波导出现的情况好；而这两者相比，前者的结果又比后者好。

First, we have proved that the constraint of local constant gradient angles is equivalent to the minimization of total variation. Based on this, a stronger continuity constraint of gradient angle is presented. The interpolation formula (a 3-degree-PDE) derived from the constraint can ensure the continuity of level lines and reduce the width of edges. The contrast invariant of the regularizer of the formula is also proved.

首先证明了局部恒定的梯度角约束插值等价于总变分最小化；在此基础上，提出一个具有更强连续性的梯度角约束，由这个约束条件导出的三阶偏微分方程使插值的图像既可以保证水平线方向的连续性，又减小图像边缘的宽度；最后证明了插值方程中正则项的对比不变性。

There had been a moment during the breakfast meeting, though, after the backslapping and the small talk and when all of us were seated, with Vice President Cheney eating his eggs Benedict impassively and Karl Rove at the far end of the table discreetly checking his BlackBerry, that I witnessed a different side of the man.

那次早餐会期间，在表示过关心和寒暄以后，我们所有人坐了下来，我注意观察了一下，副总统切尼面无表情地吃着班尼迪克蛋（Eggs benedict，源自美国，以英式松饼、火腿、水煮蛋以及荷兰酱组合而成），卡尔。罗夫在餐桌的远端谨慎地经常查看他的黑莓手机，我目睹了他所不为人知的一面。

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