查询词典 extinction zone

Abundance of salt-alkaline megatherm Classopollis-Ephedripites assemblage in a limited time illustrates a short duration of dry hot climate by latest Cretaceous. Such extreme climatic change and ecologic overturn are possible causes of the dinosaur extinction in the study area. Other factors, such as asteroid impact and large volcanic eruption triggering global mass extinction caused the regional climate change.

嘉荫群上部渔亮子组中膏岩层和耐高温、抗盐碱的克拉梭粉-麻黄粉组合在短时间内的大量出现，说明晚白垩世末期出现有短暂的干热气候，这种气候的突然转变以及伴随的生态系统的紊乱可能是嘉荫地区恐龙大量死亡的重要原因，但不排除诸如天外星体碰撞地球、大规模火山喷发等引发白垩纪末恐龙全球灭绝的因素，后者更可能是引起气候变化的直接因素。

First major extinction (c. 440 mya): Climate change (relatively severe and sudden global cooling) seems to have been at work at the first of these-the end -Ordovician mass extinction that caused such pronounced change in marine life (little or no life existed on land at that time). 25% of families lost (a family may consist of a few to thousands of species).

第一次大量物种灭绝（c.440 mya）：较为严重的突然全球变冷似乎先发生，然后就有了引起海洋物种显著变化的后奥陶纪的大量物种灭绝（当时很少或者根本没有生物在大路上生存），大约25%的物种科目消失了（一个物种科目可能含有几十到上千的物种）。

The extinction or appearance of these Ostracoda always occurred in a short time interval, and can be correlated locally and globally, so they are of importance in bioeventstratigraphy. This article listed six such biological events in Qaidam Basin and discussed their causes. The extinction of Cetacella reflected temperature decrease at global scale and changes of palaeoclimate zones during the latest Jurassic and the earliest Cretaceous; The rapid decline of Cypridea in the earliest Cretaceous may be a result of the strikes of small planets; at the latest middle-Eocene Austrocypris became extinct, and at Oligocene Hemicyprinotus disappeared. These events related to the changes of the geological conditions at that time. The explosion of Cyprideis at the middle-Miocene was because the rise of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau which resulted in the dry climate and development of salt lakes.

这些水生生物的绝灭或发生均很迅速，在区域或全球范围内均可对比，具有生物事件地层学意义：Cetacella属的绝灭可能是侏罗、白垩纪之交全球性的古气候降温和气候带变化在柴达木盆地的反映；早白垩世之后Cypridea的迅速衰退是地外因素灾变的结果；中始新世晚期的Austrocypris的绝灭、渐新世Hemicyprinotus的绝灭都与当时地质条件的改变存在著内在的联系；中中新世Cyprideis的爆发推断是青藏高原隆升，导致气候乾燥、湖水咸化的结果；而晚更新世晚期1。

Miller, a paleobiologist and professor of geology at the University of Cincinnati, says the new study is striking because it establishes a clear relationship between the tempo of mass extinction events and changes in sea level and sediment: Over the years, researchers have become fairly dismissive of the idea that marine mass extinctions like the great extinction of the Late Permian might be linked to sea-level declines, even though these declines are known to have occurred many times throughout the history of life.

&阿诺德一Miller表示，与古地质学教授在辛辛那提大学说，新研究是惊人的，因为它确立了明确的关系节奏的大规模灭绝事件和海平面变化和沉积物：&多年来，研究人员已成为相当不屑一顾的想法，海洋生物大灭绝一样伟大的濒临灭绝的晚二叠世可能与海平面下降，即使这些下降是众所周知的已经发生很多次整个生命的历史。清楚这项研究的关系文件将促使许多人重新考虑其以前的意见。

Each unitis of different biotic characters and displays different features of seawater composition during the time. 2 The black unit including a biotic extinction was caused by oceanic anoxic event. Crisis that deepwater keeled foraminifera encountered represents a ferocious anoxia in deep marine environment . Biotic recovery in gray unit reflects gradually improved marine circumstance. What the biotic extinction at the C/T boundary in black unit reflects an environmental mutation, whereas the gradual biotic change characterize the recovery of marine dissolved oxygen environment in a stepwise process. The red unit is the result of oxic deposition and characterized by extremely abundance of foraminiferal faunas, which reflects a high-oxidized marine circumstance. 3 As the most ordinary biotic index in paleoceanography researches, foraminifera represent anexcellent environmental indicator in this paper.

三套岩层表现出不同的生物特征，并指示出当时海水的不同性质。2黑层段是大洋缺氧造成的结果，生物大量灭绝，深层水具旋脊有孔虫的所遭受的危机反映出当时海洋深层水体严重缺氧的特征；灰层段中生物的恢复反映出海洋环境自缺氧事件之后的逐步改善过程，与黑层段反映的C/T 界线处生物绝灭反映的环境突变不同，灰层段生物特征的渐变指示出当时海洋溶解氧环境的恢复也是一个逐步的过程；红层段属于富氧沉积的产物，特征是有孔虫生物的极度繁盛，反映的是一种高氧化性的海洋环境。3有孔虫作为古海洋研究中最常用的生物指标，在本文研究中显示了良好的环境指示性。

From the development of the Carboniferous reefs, the metazoan framework reefs and the reefs dominated by microbes and calcareous algae may be two parallelling evolution reef ecosystems. The development of the metazoan framework reefs after the extinction event reflects an obvious evolutionary lag time. The recovery of the reef-building communities dominated by microbes and calcareous algae became faster after the extinction event.

从石炭纪整个生物礁的发展情况来看，后生动物骨架礁与以微生物和钙藻为主导的生物礁或许是两个平行发展的礁系统，后生动物骨架礁的发展在大规模生物灭绝事件之后有明显的演化滞后现象，以钙藻和微生物为主导的造礁群落的复苏在生物灭绝事件之后更为迅速。

These results suggest that morphine withdrawal selectively impairs the cued fear extinction through inhibiting the ERK phosphorylation in the amygdale and mPFC. Histamine deficiency not only enhances acquisition the cued and contextual fear conditioning and but also potentiates the impairment of extinction of cued fear memory.

这些结果提示：吗啡戒断能选择性抑制恐惧记忆的消除，此作用是通过抑制杏仁核和mPFC脑区内ERK蛋白磷酸化来实现的；组胺缺乏能增强线索和背景恐惧记忆的获得以及增强吗啡戒断对线索恐惧记忆消除的抑制作用。

Due to the fact that creation is premised on the idea of extinction, the extinction clues are inherent in the creation itself.

由于创造是由灭绝这个思想来作为前提的，灭绝的线索对于创造本身来说是固有的。

Results ① IVIG group was significantly shorter than conventional therapy group in extinction time of rash,joint symptom,abdominal pain and length of stay(all P＜0.01);② Comparing IVIG group with corticoid group respectively,significant difference in extinction time of rash and length of stay were found(both P＜0.01);Using gammaglobulin,rash disappeared faster and length of stay reduced significantly.

结果 ①丙球治疗组在皮疹、腹痛、关节症状消失时间及住院时间均显著短于常规对照组(P＜0.01)；②丙球治疗组与激素治疗组相比，在皮疹消退及住院天数上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。

So the infrared radiation energy is extincted. The quantity of extinction can be described by the extinction coefficient.

大气对红外辐射的衰减程度可以用消光系数来描述，波长不同，消光系数也不同。

It was just a normal day of school

那只是上学的普通一天

Which is a very good reference in this issue.

这是一个在这个问题上很好的参考。