查询词典 enlightenment

The enlightenment campagne offered ideological and theoretical preparations for the Revolution, but there were great defects in the thinkers' theories of the enlightenment campagne. It was very difficult to realize those theories, and if they had been carried on, there would have been chaos and disasters.

启蒙运动为法国大革命提供了思想上、理论上的准备，但是法国启蒙运动思想家的理论不仅存在着巨大的缺陷和难以实现，而且一旦实施必将出现混乱和灾难。

But to use the word "enlightenment" to describe these fleeting experiences and a modicum of nondual mystic understanding is to cheapen the word "enlightenment" beyond all recognition.

但是用"开悟"这个词来描述这些短暂的感觉和一点点对非二元的神秘的理解就是将"开悟"一词粗俗化得面目全非了。

The third part make the enlightenment as the angle of view, on the foundation that comb out the mercantilism ideasbasic connotation and put the mercantilism ideas into the background of society transformation, we can found the great enlightenment affect of the mercantilist ideas on economic values, machine building, industrial economy thinking and the theory of the international trade.

第三部分以启蒙意义为主线，在对早期维新派重商思想基本内涵进行梳理的基础上，把它放到传统农业社会向近代工业社会转型这一历史大背景中，突显其在中国近代经济价值观念(义利观、本末观、财富观)、机器生产思想、近代产业思想以及国际贸易理论形成过程中的重要启蒙作用。

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从"五四"到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族"血性"的传承方面。

This paradox results from self-variation of a rational tradition ever since Greek antiquity during the Enlightenment. Enlightenment rationality has denigrated into instrumental rationality marked by mathematization and pragmatization, and has risen to the status of rationality cult in its own right.

而导致这一悖论出现的根本原因就在于古希腊以来的理性传统在启蒙时代发生了自我变异，启蒙理性蜕变为以数学化与实用化为主要特征的工具理性，并一跃成为理性崇拜的全部内容。

He criticized the Enlightenment, but he did not wish to overstep the bounds of enlightenment.

他对启蒙的批判，并不希望逾越启蒙的边界。

Small woman you, even with a pedicure knives, has givdengyujiao en me a profound education in the Enlightenment, you told me that almost all lost in a rational society, in the face of dignity, freedom and physical insult and injury by the time a pedicure knives, probably more than my pen, my computer and my blog is more the meaning of enlightenment!

你一个弱女子，竟然用一只修脚刀，给了我深刻的启蒙教育，你告诉我，在一个几乎都失去了理智的社会里，在面对尊严、自由和身体受到侮辱和伤害的时候，一只修脚刀，很可能比我的笔、我的电脑和我的博客更具有启蒙意义！

His notion of tradition moves too close to the sublime self-forgetfulness that characterizes the experience of art. leading to an unresolved tension in Gadamer's hermeneutics, between enlightenment commitments and anti-enlightenment impulses.

他的传统观念因太过贴近描绘艺术体验的崇高忘我精神，而使得其阐释学牢牢嵌入一种启蒙承诺与反启蒙冲动的浪漫转向之间悬而未决的张力之中。

The Enlightenment trend made three inclinations come into being, such as the empiricism, the rationalism and the ethic of sensibility. Because of the three inclinations, the Enlightenment trend had three types of modes. In England where the empiricism prevailed, the narrative literature which emphasizes realism came into being. In France where the rationalism prevailed, the argumental literature which emphasizes thinking came into being. And in the influence of the ethic of sensibility, different kinds of lyric literature came into being.

启蒙主义包括经验主义、理性主义和情感伦理这三个方向，它影响启蒙主义文学形成了三种基本的书写模式：在经验主义盛行的英国，产生了重写实的叙事型文学；在理性主义盛行的法国，产生了重思考的议论型文学；而在情感伦理的影响下，则产生了不同形式的抒情型文学。

The main points are that the basis and core of the citizenism is that the citizens should own the rights,the rights of the citizens are over all,it is if the country provides the people"s rights to identify the democratic and tyrannical country. The second aspect is on Chen Duxiu"s thoughts on freedom,equality and ethics,Chen Duxiu thought that if the republic system was strengthened politically,it must be dealt with from the enlightenment of the thoughts . Chen Duxiu thought that the important area of the enlightenment was the ethics area.

第一方面内容为惟民主义，主要论述了如下观点：&主权在民&是惟民主义的基石和核心，是惟民主义的立论基础；&民权高于一切&是对民权的最高肯定；界定民主和专制国家的基本标准是看它是否保障人民权力，共谋群众幸福；提出了如何实现资产阶级民主共和国的方案和实行民主政治的一些基本原则；对中国古代的民本主义思想和西方资产阶级民主思想作了比较。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。