查询词典 endosperms

Forward and reverse subtractive cDNA libraries were constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization method,using 10 DAP and 20 DAP endosperms of the two inbreds.The four subtracted cDNA libraries enriched gene expressed specifically or at higher level in early stage and middle stage of endosperm development for N04 and Dan232,respectively.

利用抑制差减杂交方法，分别构建了自交系N04和丹232 10 DAP和20 DAP胚乳的正反向4个抑制差减杂交库，分别富集了N04胚乳早期、N04胚乳中期、丹232胚乳早期和丹232胚乳中期增强表达的基因。

It was typically indirect effect that the following variations induced in the progenies of endosperms implanted by heavy ion beams were discovered. 1 In comparison with control, there were very high differences in biological trait, anti-oxidation enzyme activity, MDA content and protein content, chromosome aberration rate and micro-nucleus rate in M1 generation. 2 Shorter stem variants and purple stem mutants were analyzed by RAPD and AFLP. The analytic results showed that the sequences of their DNA were changed, so those variations were not physiological damage only. And there were differences among M2 generation plants of the same sort of variants or mutants, it was indicated that M2 generation may be in disjunction.

M1代的生物学性状、幼苗的抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、蛋白质含量和染色体畸变率及微核率等发生了较大的变化。2）对其矮杆变异株和紫色茎杆突变体（M2）做RAPD和AFLP分子鉴定等研究，结果显示了矮杆变异体和紫色茎杆突变体的DNA序列发生了改变，而非仅仅产生生理损伤；同一种变异体或突变体，在M2代单株间也存在着明显的差异，表明它们可能还处于分离状态。

Microstructures of the two inbred lines in 3、5、7、10、15、20 and 25 DAP seven stages during endosperm development showed that endosperms were in the stage of cell division in 10 DAP,then endosperm cells accumulated substances rapidly.In 20 DAP,endosperm cells were filled with starch grains.The endosperm structure was also different between the two inbreds, hard and soft endosperm for N04 and Dan232,respectively.

两个自交系胚乳发育的显微结构观察发现，N04和丹232在10 DAP处于细胞分裂阶段，之后胚乳细胞内含物快速增长，20 DAP胚乳细胞充满淀粉粒。N04胚乳发育成硬质型，丹232胚乳发育成粉质型，两个自交系的胚乳结构存在较大差异。

Indo-acetic acid promoted endosperms cell to stretch and enlarge; abscisic acid promoted sink activity and unload of the organic material from phloem and facilitated mature and senile of grains.

脱落酸则可能增加库活性，促进有机物韧皮部卸出来促进籽粒灌浆，并可能与赤霉素一起共同调控籽粒的成熟和衰老。

The seed embryoes were penetrated by 〓 ion beams of 75 MeV/u and the seed endosperms were implanted by the proper degraded 〓 ions, and soluble protein of the seedling in M1 generation was divided into 5 sections to analyze their changes at different molecular weight. 1 In comparison with control, the relative content of the second section (molecular weight is heavier in all sections) of all irradiated materials got down, while the relative content of the fifth section (molecular weight is the lightest) of those went up. 2 The penetrating seeds made the relative content of the first section (molecular weight is the heaviest) and the third section (mid-molecular weight) drop, while the fourth section went up. Moreover, the changes of the third section and the fourth section of the penetrated materials were clearly different from those of the implanted materials. 3 The difference between implanted embryo and implanted endosperm existed in deeper dropping of the first section and higher rising of the fifth section on relative content of soluble protein of the latter. 4 On irradiated materials at lower doses, there were exceptional changes of soluble protein, it may be thought that there was excited effect of low dose.

1.75MeV／u 〓O〓离子经过适当降能后注入小麦种子的不同部位和贯穿整个种子，对其M1代幼苗的可溶性蛋白质组分以及电泳中不同区段蛋白质组分相对含量加以分析，结果表明：1）同对照相比，随着辐照剂量的增加，所有辐照材料第二区段蛋白质组分的相对含量下降；而第五区段蛋白质组分的相对含量升高。2）种子的贯穿处理，同时也引起第一区段和第三区段蛋白质组分相对含量的下降以及第四区段的升高；其中第三、四区段的变化明显区别于注入效应。3）注入胚和胚乳的区别在于后者第一区段蛋白质组分相对含量的较大下降和第五区段的较大提高。4）小剂量辐照的材料，可溶性蛋白质组分的变化异常，可能与低剂量辐射兴奋效应有关。

Based on brief introduction of nutritional components,development,and genetic control of endosperm,it is reviewed on a serial of novel mutations,such as the waxy,dull,misty,sugary,shrunk,floury,low amylose,high amylose, low paste viscosity,high resistant starch,low glutelin content,protein body absent,high iron,low phytic acid endosperms and gene locations of the related mutated characters.

本文在简要介绍胚乳的发育、组成及品质性状遗传的基础上，综述了与淀粉、蛋白质和微营养相关的系列胚乳突变及相关性状的基因定位。胚乳突变主要包括糯性、暗色、云雾状、糖质、皱缩、粉质米、低直链淀粉、高直链淀粉、低粘滞性、高抗性淀粉、低水溶性蛋白、蛋白体缺失、高赖氨酸、高铁、低植酸等方面。

SNP could also enhanceamylase isozyme I activities (Fig.2A), acceler-ate the liquefaction of endosperms (Fig.2C),while have no effect on esterase (Fig.2B).Moreover, SNP could strongly increase thesugars, such as the fructose,...

此外，在无胁迫条件下的小麦种子萌发早期(12h)，SNP处理可以显著诱导葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量的上升；采用外源糖和SNP，结合NO清除剂处理小麦种子，观察到葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖都参与萌发早期NO信号对小麦种子淀粉酶同工酶I的激活。

To examine the hypothesis, we test whether maize beta-amylase can serve as a lipase inhibitor.In order to conduct the interaction assay of beta-amylase and lipase, we adopted a preparative electrophoresis method with a Prep Cell to purify beta-amylase proteins from germinating maize endosperms and soybean cotyledons. We pre-mixed tested proteins with lipid substrate prior to the addition of lipase preparation and assayed the lipid hydrolytic activity.

本实验利用Prep Cell纯化玉米萌芽谷粒和大豆子叶中的beta-淀粉酶，分别将两种不同物种的beta-淀粉酶与胰脂解酶预先反应后，再加入脂解酶反应液中观察活性的变化，结果发现脂解酶的活性未如预期，没有抑制的效果产生，将甘薯beta-淀粉酶以同样方法与胰脂解酶作用，结果同上述两种beta淀粉酶依旧没有抑制的现象。

Different contribution of the genes to starch biosynthesisLeaves and developing endosperms of Q319, C7-2, q404, ZN-A and S8 were used to study the expression patterns of 44 genes participating in starch synthesis. We found that ZmGBSSⅠ、ZmSSⅢ、ZmSBEⅡb、ZmBT2-2、ZmSh2-2、ZmSh2-3、ZmBT1 were expressed exclusively in the metaphase and anaphase of developing endosperm, and the expression patterns of ZmSUS1、ZmSus1L、ZmSUS3、ZmSSⅠ、ZmSSⅡa、ZmSBEⅠ、ZmISO1、ZmPul were consistent with the process of starch synthesis in the endosperm, while ZmUGP3 and ZmSUT2 were highly-expressed in all samples, suggesting that these genes perhaps devoted to starch synthesis in endosperm.

淀粉生物合成基因的不同贡献以Q319、C7-2、q404、ZN-A和S8自交系的幼叶、成熟叶、成熟子房、授粉后1d、5d、10d的种子和15d、20d、25d的胚乳为材料，研究了参与淀粉合成的44个基因的表达模式，研究发现ZmGBSSⅠ、ZmSSⅢ、ZmSBEⅡb、ZmBT2-2、ZmSh2-2、ZmSh2-3、ZmBT1在胚乳发育中后期特异性表达，ZmSUS1、ZmSus1L、ZmSUS3、ZmSSⅠ、ZmSSⅡa、ZmSBEⅠ、ZmISO1、ZmPul的表达在淀粉合成期显著上调，ZmUGP3和ZmSUT2在所有组织中高水平表达，说明这些基因可能主要负责胚乳淀粉的生物合成。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。