查询词典 embryonic development

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

The whole embryonic developmental course results from the ordinal expression of a large number of genes according time and space. Many developmental mechanisms have been determined in the embryonic stage. Therefore, study on the regulative mechanism of embryonic development is important for elucidate principles of biologic growth, development and evolution.

整个发育过程都是大量的基因按照一定的时间、空间和次序表达的结果，其中许多调控机制在胚胎发育阶段就已经决定，因此，研究胚胎发育调控机制对于阐明生物的生长、发育和起源进化具有重要意义。

BACKGROUND: At present, studies show that a kind of stem cell community which in many kinds of organizations can differentiate into tissue cells of different embryonic layers; but those are different from embryonic stem cells, embryonic stem cell will lose the part differentiation potential gradually during the development of pregnancy, and will present some special phenotypes or the molecular markers, as CD105 and so on, will call it postembryonic pluripotent stem cells.

背景：目前研究认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中存在一类干细胞群体，可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；但又不同于胚胎干细胞，随着妊娠期间胚胎的发育胚胎干细胞会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，会出现一些特殊表型或分子标记，如CD105，称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞。

Isolation, cultivation and identification of human embryonic NSC from cerebral cortex of 7-12 week abortus. By using flow cytometry and MTT assay, the effects of various concentration of TSPG and TSPG cooperating with cytokines in NSC culture media for 3 days on proliferation of human embryonic NSC has studied. By employing immunocytochemistry assay of the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the effect of different dilution of TSPG and TSPG cooperating with IL-1 on induced differentiation of human embryonic NSC into dopaminergic neuron has researched.

从7～12周人工流产胚胎脑组织中分离培养人胚胎NSC，免疫细胞化学鉴定NSC特异性nestin抗原表达，在NSC的培养体系中加入TSPG，采用流式细胞术和MTT法检测不同浓度TSPG以及TSPG与EGF，bFGF联合应用对人胚胎NSC增殖的影响；经免疫细胞化学检测培养细胞酪氨酸羟化酶表达，分析不同浓度TSPG以及TSPG与IL-1联合应用对NSC定向诱导为DA能神经元的影响。

The quantitive value of DNA was 1.82% and 1.92% respectively in nonembryonic cells and the embryonic; during bicellular stage, quadracellular stage and multicellular stage, content of DNA increase slowly, and reach the peak at pear-shap ed embryonic stage keep high level at mature embryonic stage.

非胚性细胞与胚性细胞期的量化值分别为1.82%和1.91%；在二细胞胚、四细胞胚、多细胞胚时期DNA缓慢增长，随着胚性愈伤组织的发育，DNA的含量在梨形胚时期达到高峰；成熟胚的DNA含量虽有所下降，但仍维持较高水平。

The quantitive value of DNA was 1.82%and 1.92%respectively in nonembryonic cells and the embryonic; during bicellular stage, quadracellular stage and multicellular stage, content of DNA increase slowly, and reach the peak at pear-shaped embryonic stage keep high level at mature embryonic stage.

非胚性细胞与胚性细胞期的量化值分别为1.82%和1.91%；在二细胞胚、四细胞胚、多细胞胚时期DNA缓慢增长，随着胚性愈伤组织的发育，DNA的含量在梨形胚时期达到高峰；成熟胚的DNA含量虽有所下降，但仍维持较高水平。

The study was done to compare the induction efficiency of human embryonic stem cells to neuroepithelial progenitor cells in human embryonic fibroblasts,mouse embryonic fibroblasts and feeder free systems.

中文摘要：［摘要］比较人胚胎干细胞在人胚胎成纤维细胞、鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层和无饲养层3个诱导体系下形成神经上皮祖细胞的能力。

The addition of malt extract and glutamine could inhibit non-embryonic calli, and make the culture be mainly composed of embryonic calli; change of the 2,4-D concentration in liquid culture medium could adjust the status of embryonic calli to the suitable developmental stage for protoplast isolation.

通过麦芽提取物和谷氨酰胺两种物质的添加，可以起到抑制非胚性愈伤生长的作用，使培养物主要以胚性愈伤为主；通过液体培养基2，4-D浓度的改变，可调节胚性愈伤处于合适的发育时期，便于原生质体的分离。

The results showed that water content decreased first, then increased in the gastrula stage of embryonic development, reached the highest content at the second phrase larvae stage and then began to decrease from the third phase larva stage. The content of lipid in the dry weight increased with the embryonic development stages, but decreased at intramembranous nauplius stage, the second phase larva, and the infant stage of larvae development. The rate of lipid in wet weight decreased and the content of C20:4w6、20:5w3 and C22: 6w3 decreased.

结果显示，黑斑口虾蛄在胚胎和幼体的发育过程中，水的体积分数先降低，至原肠胚期开始升高，到第二相幼体期达到最高，之后又有所回落；脂类占组织干重的比率呈升高趋势，但分别在膜内无节幼体、第二相幼体和仔虾蛄期略有降低；脂类占组织湿重的比率呈降低趋势；花生四烯酸、EPA和DHA的体积分数都呈降低趋势。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

This matter overthrew all basises I learned from Sunday school .

这件事把我从周日学校学到的所有道理都颠覆了。

It's one of the cruel ironies of aging: if you want to remember your favorite restaurants, the less you should eat at them.

这是一个老化的残酷讽刺：如果你想记住你最喜欢的餐馆，你应该更少吃到它们。