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Distributed interactive simulation technology has developed for decades andapplied to diverse industries. It is now enhanced with the development of computerhardware and network technology, and also modeling technology, virtual realitytechnology, software technology, and so on. On the other hand, people are bringingforward more and more requirements on distributed interactive simulation applications.Supports of distributed simulation systems are required on applications that involves inmassive complex simulation environment and large quantity of simulation nodes andentity objects, such as military simulation, online games. These requirements ask forhigh scalability of simulation support platform.

随着计算机硬件和网络性能的显著提高，现代建模技术、虚拟现实技术和软件技术等技术的发展，给已经发展了几十年的、深入各行各业的分布式交互仿真注入了新的内容和活力；而在另一方面，随着社会的进步，人们对分布式交互仿真的需求也越来越广泛，要求也越来越高，特别是在军事仿真、网络游戏等领域涉及到大规模仿真环境和大量仿真节点及实体的应用，需要分布式交互仿真系统的支持，这就对仿真支撑平台的可扩性提出了较高的要求。

Namely,spinous setae mainly distributed on the legs of Cybister bengalensis,acetabula setae distributed on the legs of male Cybister bengalensis,and bunchy setae only distributed on the nick points of the pronotum and the elytra.

采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜技术观察并描述了黄缘真龙虱体壁表面各部位的形态结构特征，发现了3种典型的凹陷和普遍存在的凸起，了解了其三维结构，分析了凹陷与龙虱水生生活的关系。

The new vehicle was designated Tun Anticar pe Afet Mobil T-60 (Self-propelled Gun on Mobile Carriage T-60) or TACAM T-60. The project was accepted and twenty-three serviceable T-60 tanks were sent to Leonida Works in Bucharest. On 12 January 1943 the prototype was completed and other eleven T-60s were sent for conversion. In late June, the first seventeen TACAMs were distributed to the Mechanised Training Centre and to the 1st Tank Regiment for evaluation and training. The other seventeen TACAMs were assembled by the end of 1943. Sixteen TACAM T-60 were distributed to the 1st Tank Regiment and formed the 61st Tank-destroyer Company and eighteen TACAM T-60 were distributed to the 2nd Tank Regiment where they formed the 62nd Tank-destroyer Company.

这种新设计方案很快得到罗军总参谋部的批准，第一批23辆罗马尼亚军队捕获的还可以行使的苏制T-60坦克很快被送到布加勒斯特莱奥纳德兵工厂。1943年2月12日，该车原型车被制造出来，这种新兵器被罗马尼亚总参谋部命名为T-60型自行火炮，简称TACAM T-60，第一批样车共12辆于1943年年初开始进行各种测试，到1943年6月，第一批17辆TACAM T-60被交付军方，这些车辆被分配给罗马尼亚机械化部队训练中心和第一坦克团进行实战评估和训练。1943年年底又生产出第二批17辆TACAM T-60自行火炮，这样在1943年底罗马尼亚军队共有34辆TACAM T-60自行火炮，其中16辆被分配给第一坦克团组建为第61坦克歼击连，另18辆被分配给第二坦克团组建了第62坦克歼击连。

This thesis mainly discuss following issues, Theory and simple expressions for array covariance matrixes are derived when angular spread functions are symmetric distribution functions, i. e. the Uniform distribution, the Gauss distribution, the Laplace distribution and the Von Mises distribution, and a non-symmetric distribution function, i. e. the Gamma distribution. And the relation between the effective signal subspace and the array number, or and the nominal angle of the distributed source, the angular spread, the distributed functions, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is gained. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the array number. And it is more obvious to the non-symmetric distribution. The dimension of the effective signal subspace decreases with increment of the nominal angle. And the distributed source is equal to a point source as θ=π/2. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the angular spread.

本论文针对阵列信号处理中广泛存在的分布源现象，主要讨论了以下问题：推导了角度分布函数分别为对称的均匀分布、高斯分布、拉普拉斯分布、Von Mises分布和非对称的伽马分布时，分布源阵列接收信号协方差阵的严格模型和简化模型，得到了单个分布源的有效信号子空间随阵元数、分布源中心角、分布角、角度分布函数和信噪比的变化规律：随着阵元数的增加，对所有角度分布函数的有效信号子空间维数也随着增加，且非对称分布函数的有效信号子空间充满整个空间的可能性更大；随着分布源中心角逐步增加，有效信号子空间维数逐步减小，当θ=π/2时，等价于点源情形；随着分布源分布角逐渐加大，有效信号子空间维数也随之增加，直到有效信号子空间充满整个空间；随着信噪比的增加，有效信号子空间维数有一定程度的减少。

It proposes some feasible schemes to build up the distributed geographic information system, and adopts the concrete implement technology to probe and attempt to develop the advanced distributed GIS in order to supply some refers to man-sized distributed GIS research and the building on computer network environment.

为分布式地理信息系统提出了一些可行的方案，并使用具体的实现技术为研制新的分布式GIS进行了探索和尝试，为今后在网络环境下大型分布式GIS的研究和建设提供一些参考意见。

Computer simulations validate the performance of these algorithms. And the model error of low order approximation distributed sources model, spatial frequency distributed sources model and Jocabi-Anger series expansion distributed sources model are discussed.

通过计算机仿真，验证了低阶近似分布源模型方位估计算法的性能，并且研究了分布源的低阶近似模型、空间频率模型和低阶Jacobi-Anger级数展开模型的模型误差。

ERK positive cell mainly distributed at nucleus of solitary tract, ambigous nucleus, and positive fibers and cells mainly distributed at medullary visceral zone, nucleus of solitary tract and ambigus nucleus. These positive cells formed an isolated zone from nucleus of solitary tract via medullary visceral zone to SP5, which could be seen using immunohistochemical stain. Positive cells and fibers also distributed at the projection from pneumogastric nerve to the stem.

免疫组织学染色可见，阳性细胞主要分布于延髓内脏带的孤束核和疑核、阳性纤维伴随阳性细胞分布于延髓内脏带的孤束核区和疑核、呈沿孤束核经延髓内脏带至三叉神经脊束核的弧行带；在迷走神经向脑干投射部位也可见阳性胞体和纤维的分布。

A few epidermal hairs distributed on the Costa of Lonicera Japonica Thumb. The upper epidermis of Solidago decurrens Lour were covered with sparse stellate hairs. The stomas distributed on the upper epidermis hairs of Lonicera Japonica Thunb, Lonicera confuse and Solidago decurrens Lour, which could reflect the sunlight and decrease the transpiration to adapt the highlight and drought environment;(2) The leaf blades of Polygala japonica butt were fleshy, and the sunk stomas distributed on both the sunk place of the upper epidermis and lower epidermis, which help to water conservation.

结果：(1)忍冬、华南忍冬、黄花草下表皮均分布浓密的表皮毛，忍冬上表面中脉有少量表皮毛，黄花草上表皮分布有稀疏的星状表皮毛，忍冬、华南忍冬和黄花草的气孔位于下表皮毛间隙，这种结构可反射阳光和阻止水分蒸发，从而适应强光和水分不足的环境；(2)瓜子金叶片为肉质叶，上下表面均有气孔分布，并出现明显的下陷。

Several experimental applications have been developed finally. In this paper, there areinnovations from the following four aspects:1. Definition and research methods of current distributed system and distributedinteractive simulation system follow those of traditional parallel computing system.While this paper points out it is one-sided to measure the scalability just from thenumber of processors and performance of a system, because the resources of distributed systems are heterogeneous and they can be used in diverse applications. Inthis paper, scalability of distributed interactive simulation platform is defined as theability of scaling (including scale-up and scale-down) in functionality and performanceof systems which is run on the platform when number of processors and otherhardware resources such as network change, i.e. when problem size is scaled up and system resources is increased, the performanceremains fixed and it is easy to expand the functions of simulationapplications.

本文的创新工作主要体现在下述4个方面：1、现有的分布式系统和分布式交互仿真系统可扩性的定义和研究方法都沿用了传统的并行计算系统可扩性的定义和研究方法，本文指出分布式系统的系统资源异构多样、应用种类丰富多样，只从传统方法采用的处理机资源和性能角度衡量一个系统是否可扩是有一定的片面性，提出了分布式交互仿真平台可扩性的定义是在处理机和网络等系统资源变化时，运行在平台上的分布式交互仿真系统在性能和功能方面发生扩缩的能力，即当问题规模扩大时，增加系统资源，系统能获得指定的性能及在功能方面能方便进行扩充。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

Molecular Distillation is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.

分子蒸馏技术是一种在高真空条件下进行的连续蒸馏过程，适合于分离高沸点、热敏性及具有生物活性的混合物。

They are to the Noughties what yuppies were to the Eighties .

那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了