查询词典 diffusion

The authors investigated the singular limits of stiff relaxation and dominant diffusion for general 2×2nonlinear systems of balance laws, that is,τ=o,ε→ 0, the relaxation time τtends to zero faster than the diffusion parameter ε. If there exists a priori L∞ bound that is uniformly with respect to ε for the solutionsof a system, then the solution sequence converges to the corresponding equilibrium solution of the system.

研究一般扩散占优的2×2双曲平衡律系统奇异松弛极限，用补偿紧性方法，在松弛时间τ比扩散系数ε趋于零快时，即τ=o，ε→ 0时，得到其解的整体存在性一般框架：如果上述系统的解存在对ε一致的先验L∞估计，则其解序列收敛于上述系统的对应平衡状态解。

However, in parallelism with the accruement, when the factor of effort of knowledge diffusion by the managers in corporation is considered, the model cannot explain the knowledge diffusion rule.

分析了徐渝的知识传播模型，指出该模型阐述的规律适用于知识在企业中自然增长的状况，而考虑企业对知识传播的努力因素时该模型就不再适用。

The new method is a combination of characteristic approximation to handle the convection part, to ensure the high stability of the method in approximating the sharp fronts and reduce the numerical diffusion, a smaller time truncation is gained at the same time, and a mixed finite elementspatial approximation to deal with the diffusion part, the sealer unknown and the adjoint vector function are approximated optimally and simultaneously.

此方法即为对方程的对流项沿流体流动的方向即特征方向进行离散，从而保证格式在流动锋线前沿逼近的高稳定性，消除了数值弥散现象，并得到了较小的时间截断误差；另一方面，对方程的扩散项采用混合元离散，可同时高精度逼近未知函数及其伴随向量函数，理论分析表明，此方法是稳定的，具有最优的L~2逼近精度。

The effect of solidgrain diffusion was reflected by f0. The core diffusion could be excluded by minishing theparticle scales, but the solid grain diffusion could not.

在常见幂函数形式的速率方程中引入修正系数f0体现了固体扩散对反应的影响，说明减小催化剂粒径，只能排除孔扩散的影响，并不能排除固体扩散对反应的影响。

The results show that, the chloride concentrations and diffusion coefficients are both a one-humped function of elevations (can also be the time scale of seawater infiltration), they increase with the increase of elevation until they get to the peak value, and then decrease with the increase of elevation; an evident relationship is being between the surface chloride concentrations and the wave forces acted on the concrete surface, while there is no much difference among the diffusion coefficients; the diffusion coefficients get to bigger as the depth from the concrete surface increase in the influence of the capillary structures evolution and chloride concentration, but this tendency of change was alleviated with the increase of depth.

研究结果表明：氯离子侵蚀混凝土设施的竖向分布规律为氯离子浓度、扩散系数与标高之间同为单峰函数分布，先随高程变大而变大，达到峰值后，随高程变大而减小；氯离子侵蚀混凝土设施的环向分布规律为混凝土构件表面氯离子浓度、氯离子通量与波浪力之间有明显的对应关系，波浪力越大，则表面氯离子浓度和氯离子通量越高，而扩散系数在各方位角差别不明显；由于混凝土长期服役过程中内部毛细孔隙结构演化以及氯离子浓度的影响，氯离子扩散系数随混凝土深度变大而变大，但这种变化趋势随深度逐渐趋缓。

The effects of electroplated Ni layer and electroless plated Ni-P layer on the diffusion behavior in Sn-Ag/Cu solder joint were studied. The results by EPMA analysis showed that the electroless plated Ni-P layer acted as a good diffusion barrier between Sn-Ag solder and Cu substrate. However, the electroplated Ni layer can not hinder the inter-diffusion and reaction between molten Sn-Ag solder and Cu substrate when reflowing, and there was a layer of IMC (Cu6Sn5) at interface of Sn-Ag/C u solder joint.

摘 要：研究了电镀Ni层和化学镀Ni-P合金层对Sn-Ag/Cu焊点扩散行为的影响，电子探针分析表明：化学镀Ni-P合金层能很好地阻止Sn-Ag/Cu焊点在焊接过程中的Cu，Sn互扩散和相互反应；而电镀Ni层则不能阻止Sn-Ag/Cu焊点在焊接过程中的Cu，Sn互扩散和相互反应，界面反应产物仍以Cu6Sn5为主。

The improved model possesses band-pass filer characteristic, diffuses processing stability and satisfies the max-min principle. The simulation results show that the median filter is only proper for outlies noise and removes the thin line and corners of image. The linear filter extends or blurs the boundary of image. The anisotropic diffusion removes random noise effectively, but it brings about illusive edge and back diffusion for outlies noise. The improved model that possesses both median filter characteristics and anisotropic diffusion capability is proper for various mixed noise and can sufficiently protect the detailed characteristic such as corner, thin line and edge.

研究结果表明：中值滤波作为一种经典的非线性滤波方法仅适合于&飞点&噪声的滤波并引起图像的角点、线条损失，线性滤波扩大或使图像边界范围模糊；传统的各向异性扩散能对随机噪声有效地压制，但对&飞点&噪声会产生虚假的边缘甚至反扩散，而改进模型既具有中值滤波的特性又具有传统各向异性扩散的性能，适合于平滑不同强度与形状的混合噪声，并对角点、线条、边缘等细节信息提供足够保护。

Firstly, the diffusion of oxygen atom from the SFCC to SHCP on Zr(0001) surface is calculated. The active energy for the diffusion is 0.77eV. Secondly, the diffusion of oxygen atom from the SFCC to Octa(2,3) via Octa(1,2) is calculated too. There are 2 energy barriers for oxygen atom to overcome, the active energies are 2.14eV and 2.57eV.

我们首先计算了氧原子从稳定的表面面心立方位置向表面六角密排位置的扩散，其扩散激活能为0.77eV；然后计算了氧原子从稳定的SFCC位置扩散到表面下第1层与第2层之间的八面体间隙Octa(1，2)位置，然后继续向表面下第2层与第3层之间的八面体间隙Octa(2，3)位置扩散，在此过程中氧原子需克服2个能垒，其激活能分别为2.14eV和2.57eV。

Scholars both here and abroad widely accept that diffusional environment is one of the most important factors to influence green-technology diffusion. To eliminate or conquer green technology diffusion obstacles so that to promote green-technology's rapid and broad diffusion, most researchers bring forward a series of suggestions of improve diffusional environment.

尽管国内外学者普遍认同扩散环境是影响绿色技术扩散的重要因素，为减轻或克服绿色技术扩散壁垒，达到促进绿色技术快速、大范围扩散的目标，许多研究人员提出一系列改善扩散环境的建议。

Traditional theory of chemical diffusion in solid states can not describe the relation of diffusion fluxes and diffusion-induced stresses because the research subject of the traditional theory is the diffusing atom or atomic flux, not the volume unit in the interdiffusion field.

传统固体化学扩散理论的研究对象是扩散的原子或原子流，并不关心互扩散区域内微观体积单元的变化，因此无法描述原子扩散流与应力之间的关系。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。