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In this thesis, several basic principles and phenomena of the Wave Optics are first intruducted briefly, they include the Huygens—Fresnel principle, diffraction of light ,Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction etc.

本文首先简要的介绍了衍射光学元件所涉及的波动光学中的几个基本原理和现象：惠更斯—菲涅耳原理、光的衍射、菲涅耳衍射和夫琅禾费衍射等。

A simulation model of diffraction on Focal Plane Array imaging is established based on Fraunhofer diffraction algorithm. The effect of diffraction between two units on FPA in different distance is cal-culated by using Matlab.

采用夫朗和费衍射计算公式，建立了红外焦平面阵列成像衍射仿真模型，并用Matlab软件对不同距离探测像元之间的衍射影响进行了仿真。

In order to analyze the effects of mesh structural parameters and tilted angle on the shape and distribution of diffraction spots at far field, an optical intensity distribution model of Fraunhofer diffraction is established for a tilted square metallic mesh using Huygens-Fresnel diffraction theory.

为分析金属网栅结构参数和倾斜角对网栅远场衍射斑形状和分布的影响，基于惠更斯-菲涅耳原理建立了倾斜金属网栅的夫琅和费衍射光强分布解析模型。

X-ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction and Phi scan of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation were employed to investigate the structure properties of ZnO thin film.

利用X射线衍射，反射式高能电子衍射和同步辐射掠入射X射线衍射φ扫描等实验技术研究了ZnO薄膜的结构。

TE mode diffraction characteristics of surface-relief grating having different symmetrical profiles (rectangular, sinusoidal, triangle, trapezoidal profile) are calculated with rigorous second order vector couple-wave theory, the law of diffraction efficiency as a function of grating groove depth are analyzed: in a specific condition, diffraction efficiency might be close to 100%.

本论文采用严格的二阶矢量耦合波理论计算了矩形、正弦、三角形、梯形等对称面形蚀刻光栅的TE模偏振的衍射特性，分析了光栅的衍射效率随着沟槽深度变化规律。

The phase constitution and structure of a partially stabilized Zirconia with yttria and magnesia have been investigated by means of electron diffraction, diffraction contrast image, X-ray diffraction and image simulation.

通过透射电子显微术、X射线衍射和电子计算机图像模拟等手段、对由Y〓O〓和MgO复合稳定的ZrO〓陶瓷—-PSZ的相组成和相结构进行了观察测定。在此基础上，对电子衍射谱中的漫散射现象进行了系统、细致的研究。

In addition, molecular orientation behaviors induced by shearing, electric field and magnetic field were investigated. The space group of the monomers A3EO7 and A9EO7 were determined as P2〓2〓2 and P112/m by means of electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Liquid crystalline properties of the monomer and the polymer were studied using DSC, variable X-ray diffraction, TEM and polarized optical microscope. Both monomers exhibit monotropic liquid crystalline behavior, and they also give a metastable phase on the cooling process. The polymer PA9EO7 shows enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties. Thus the rigid polymer backbone is not a fatal defect that completely distorts the packing arrangement of the mesogenic moiety in the side chain liquid crystalline polyacetylene.

结合电子衍射倾转方法和粉末X射线衍射技术，确定了两个液晶小分子A3EO7和A9EO7的晶胞参数和空间群，采用Cerius〓模拟软件，运用分子模拟的方法给出了小分子在晶胞中的排列方式；利用DSC、变温X射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜研究了小分子和聚合物的液晶态，单体A3EO7和A9EO7表现出单向液晶性质，并且在降温过程中都表现出一个亚稳液晶相或亚稳结晶相，聚合物PA9EO7具有双向液晶性；采用偏光显微镜和X射线平板照相技术，研究了剪切和电场对聚合物分子取向的影响，在不同的液晶态，剪切作用对聚合物PA9EO7具有不同的诱导取向结果，直流电场可以诱导聚合物联苯液晶基元沿施加电场方向取向。

The main works include: In this thesis, we use Finite Difference Time Domain method to study the relationship between diffraction efficiency, angular dispersion and grating constant, to discuss how the grating figure influence the diffraction efficiency, and to research the frequency spectrum characteristic.

主要工作包括：本文分别在垂直入射和自准直入射（光垂直于光栅刻槽面入射）情况下，采用时域有限差分方法，利用商业数值计算软件OptiFDTD对二维闪耀光栅进行了矢量电磁场数值计算，研究了光栅的衍射效率和角色散随光栅常数的变化情况，研究了光栅形状对光栅衍射效率的影响，还讨论了各种光栅的频谱特性。

Based on the theorems of holography and linear system,the numerical reconstructing methods of the off-axis lensless Fourier transform hologram by Fresnel diffraction formula and by the convolution method based on Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral and by angular spectrum theorem are studied.

根据全息理论和线性系统理论，采用离轴无透镜傅里叶变换全息记录光路，对利用菲涅耳近似法、基于瑞利—索末菲衍射积分的卷积法以及角谱理论方法数值重建全息图进行了比较研究，并做了计算机模拟验证。

By means of measurements of mechanical and electrical properties, metallographical and transmission electron microscope observation, X-ray diffraction and selected diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum, the phase transformation process of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy and the relation between its microstructure and properties were studied.

本文利用力学与电学性能测试，金相与透射电镜观祭，X-射线衍射与选区电子衍射分析，扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金的相变过程以及合金的组织结构与性能之间的关系进行了研究。

If this is not specified, then it is defaulted to 25

如果这是没有指定，则默认为25

Cott invited his mother over for dinner.

COTT邀请母亲来他的房子晚餐。