查询词典 controlled pollination

Pollination biology on three mixed subpopulations with intermingled Pedicularis rhinanthoides and P. longiflora has been investigated in a three years project. Results show high flowering density can help to enhance pollination facilitation, and then increase reproductive output.

我们选取了两种局限分布在喜马拉雅地区的长管类马先蒿P.rhinanthoides和P.longiflora作了传粉生物学的详细研究，我们的目的在于阐述传粉昆虫在这两种植物生殖隔离中的作用。

The flowers of W. trilobata are capitulum's and the florets include two types, which are tubular corolla and false tongue flower. The fleshy spinouts objected structure in the tubular corolla affect the natural pollination. The pollination medium was normal and the main pollinators were Polistes antennaks and Pseudojijeeria maha.

其花为头状花序，有筒状花和假舌状花两种小花，其中筒状花的花瓣中附器结构可能在一定程度影响了正常授粉；传粉媒介不存在障碍，主要媒介为角马蜂Polistes antennaks、酢浆灰蝶Pseudojijeeria maha。

Therefore, we selected common species of Ranunculaceae. comparative primordial plants in Alpine Meadow at Eastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau, and studied the reproductive strategies, such as reproductive allocation, especially sex allocation, to understand how the plants adapt the environmental conditions. The results showed:(1) At higher altitude, the self-incompatible plant, such as Trollius ranunculoides tended to become limited by pollination rather than by nutrient availability, while the self-compatible plants, such as Anemone rivularis and A. obtusiloba seemed not to be limited by pollen availability, which suggested that ability of self pollination for alpine plants may be a mechanism of reproductive assurance.(2) Influences induced by high altitude on the reproduction of these species occurred on different reproductive characters, which suggest species-specific adaptive strategies. The influences are dependent on plant size to some extent.

因此，我们选择在青藏高原东部的高寒草甸，以比较原始的植物类群—毛茛科植物为研究对象，选择一些常见种探讨其繁殖对策，如繁殖分配和性分配问题，试图揭示这些植物如何适应环境条件，最后的结果表明： 1高寒草甸高海拔区，自交植物(如小花草玉梅A.rivularis和钝裂银莲花A.obtusiloba)的繁殖不受花粉限制，而完全异交植物(毛茛状金莲花T.ranunculoides)的繁殖受花粉限制，表明高海拔地区植物的白花授粉能力可能是一种繁殖保障机制，能够避免恶劣环境对植物有性繁殖的不利影响； 2海拔高度对植物的影响因种而异，不同的物种受影响的繁殖性状不同，即使同属亲缘种间也存在差异，表明不同物种对相似环境压力的适应对策不同；而且，海拔高度对植物的影响在一定程度上依赖于植物个体大小，说明植物通过调整其个体大小与繁殖性状的关系来适应环境梯度的变化； 3植物花期和果期的繁殖分配并不完全随海拔升高而减小(只有小花草玉梅的果期RA随海拔升高而减小30％)，与Iwasa和Cohen的预测不完全一致(他们认为繁殖分配随生长季缩短而减小)。

In a giving stage after pollination,p53 homologue showed high levels in the antipodal cells,integument,immature endosperm,ovary wall,tracheary elements,and aleurone layer,while c-myc homologue showed low levels in these tissues,only before pollination showed high expression in polar nucleus.

结果发现，在授粉后的一定阶段，在反足细胞、珠被、未成熟的胚乳、子房壁、导管组织和糊粉层中，p53同源基因表达强烈，c-myc同源基因的表达相反，在授粉后的这些组织中基本不表达，而在授粉前的中央细胞的极核中表达水平较高。

It was conclude that wind and weevils were effective pollination vectors for C. elongata, which inconsistent that Zamiaceae was host-specific insect pollination.

可见，风媒和虫媒都是越南篦齿苏铁的有效传粉途径，与泽米铁类植物为专一寄主性昆虫传粉的结论不一致。

But the crossing combination of Asiatic hybrids ×Oriental hybrids and Longiflorum hybrids ×Oriental hybrids were not easy to success, there were two reasons: one was male parent was unfit for female parent, the other was cut-style pollination was unfit for these crossing combination, must used another method of pollination to try it again.

以亚洲百合为母本、东方百合为父本的杂交组合和以麝香百合为母本、东方百合为父本的杂交组合，座果率极低，推测有两种可能的原因：一是，所选父本的花粉对母本的亲合性较差；二是，切割柱头授粉的方法不适合于这些组合，应进行其它授粉方法的试验。

When the perfect flowers were isolated and with no hand-pollination the fruit-setting rate of them was 67%,in which 60% had well-developed seeds. The purity of seed could reach 86.4% by spontaneous pollination on the perfect flowers whose stamens wrapped up stigmas.

两性花隔离后不进行人工辅助授粉的座果率为67％，其中有60％的果实有发育正常的种子；选择雄蕊将柱头基本包裹的两性花自由授粉，种子的纯度可达86.4％。

The pear tree pollination with the soft rubber, the wool ball, the pollination gun and so on pollinates the tool, the spot gives to the secretion nectary pistil column head

梨树授粉用软橡皮、绒球、授粉枪等授粉工具，点授于分泌蜜腺的雌蕊

He describes the effective pollination periodas the longevity of the ovules minus the time lag between pollination and fertilization.

他把有效的授粉阶段描述为胚珠的寿命减去授粉和受精之间的时间段。

Through block wall experimental study we can find out that cracks would appear late and the load of crack-resisting and limit-resisting are increased obviously by the constructional measures in the wall. It is very effective method that the splayed cracks are controlled by sill ring beam, the horizontal bending cracks are controlled by structural column on the side of the wall and the horizontal cracks on the top of the wall are controlled by the whole ring beam. It is the most effective method that wall cracks are controlled by structural column, crout column and sill ring beam.

通过试验主要得到在墙体中采取构造措施后，墙体裂缝推迟出现，开裂荷载和极限荷载都有很大程度的提高，同时发现窗台圈梁在控制窗角的八字缝、墙体两侧构造柱对于防止水平弯曲缝以及全截面的圈梁在防止墙体和圈梁交界处的裂缝的出现能起到很好的效果，通过试验确定在砌块墙体中采取&构造柱+芯柱+窗台圈梁&的构造措施来控制裂缝是最为经济合理有效的。

It's not quite as simple as that.

并没有那么容易。

It debuted in 1992 in Japan and the United Kingdom, and 1993 in the United States.

它首次亮相于1992年在日本和英国，在美国1993年。