查询词典 clivus

Results:Most of the intracranial chordoma（16 cases in our group,88 9%）were located in the middle area of the skull base such as clivus and/or sellar region and always invaded extensively the nerves and major in tracranial vessels of skull base.All tumors were hypointense on T1- weighted imaging and heterogeneous hyperintense on T2- weighted imaging,On Gd- DTPA contrast- enhanced T1- weighted imaging 8 chordomas enhanced more markedly,but steady heterogeneous.

结果：颅内脊索瘤大部分（本组16例，占889%）发生于颅底中线处的斜坡和/或鞍区，并广泛侵犯颅底的神经和大血管等重要结构；在T1加权像上肿瘤主要表现为低信号，T2加权像上表现为不均匀高信号，Gd-DTPA静脉注射增强后（8例）均出现较明显的不均匀强化。

The median part of the middle fossa, the lateral part of the superior clivus and the trigeminal nerve in the Meckel cave could be exposed via a retrosigmoid suprameatal approach.

采用乙状窦后经内耳道上入路，可将乙状窦后入路的手术野扩大到颅中窝的中线侧和上斜坡侧方，并可显露Meckel腔内的三叉神经。

Comclusion: transpetrous presigmoid retrolabrinth approach was rational approach for surgery on petroclivus and -4- CPA; it抯 important for accomplish the surgery to study and master the anatomy and variance of this approach; there was relative anatomical relationship among those structure on posterior of petrous bone; AAMP was the extracranial mark of inflexion of TS and SS; LAM and PSC were obvious bone marks for operation; we can confirm the abraded range of petrous bone lean upon LAM and/or GSS beside abrading step by step as literature, and it抯 unnecessary and unrational to emphasize to show PSC if the surgical space was enough; preceding sigmoid sinus and high jugular bulb often appeared at right and would bring disadvantage effect; interspace ,between CN V and CNVII or CNVII and CNJXI, were available to reach clivus and manage the mass on the range.

经SS前迷路后入路是处理岩斜坡区、桥小脑角区病变理想的手术入路；研究和熟悉手术入路中的解剖结构及部分变异对指导手术十分必要；岩骨内测面的骨性结构之间有着相对稳定的空间关系；顶乳缝前角是SS和TS转接处在颅外的标志；IAM和PSC等结构可以作为手术中的重要骨性标志；以PSC确定岩骨的磨除范围是较安全和可靠的，但亦可以结合影像检查，以内耳道和乙状窦前缘为基点判定切除范围，如果操作空间足够，过分强调磨出半规管是不适当的；右侧GSS的宽度和深度较对侧大，SS前置和颈静脉球高位较对侧多见，这些都对右侧入路有不利的影响，但仍可以进行手术操作；三叉神经和面神经间隙及面l 神经和舌咽神经间隙方便到达斜坡并处理病变。l

Inferior petrosal sinus extends from the posterior part of the cavernous sinus and courses along the clivus laterally, in IPS sulcus. It usually leaves cranial cavity through the jugular foramen and eventually joins the jugular bulb or the internal jugular vein.

岩下窦起自海绵窦后端，走行在斜坡两侧的IPS沟内，通常经颈静脉孔出颅，最终汇入颈静脉球或颈内静脉，沿途接收多条静脉的注入，与颅神经Ⅵ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ关系密切。

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。