查询词典 characteristic equation

The basic concept in these sections is replacing backward Euler's method by modified backward Eulers's method to approximate the characteristic differential equation and discretizing the convection-diffusion equation at the middle point of the approximate characteristic curve, which will make the convective term get up to second order accuracy.

这三节的基本离散方法是用改进的Euler公式代替向后Euler公式来近似特征微分方程，并且将近似特征线的中点作为离散节点，使得对流项的离散精度提高到二阶，对于扩散项，将其转移到待求时间层进行离散。

As long as the root of the characteristic equation is within the unit circle of z-plane and the corresponding PID parameter is got, the closed loop control system is sure to be stable. Although the root of the characteristic equation can vary within the unit circle of z-plane,different value may affect the control property differently.

本文所采用的这种确定PID参数的方法，虽然可以使特征方程的根在z平面的单位圆内任意取值，但各种取值情况对变风量空调系统的控制品质的影响却不同，因此，要对各种特征方程的根的取值情况进行寻优，本文采用遗传算法对特征方程的根进行寻优，从而使控制器的参数得以优化。

In addition, the voltage-current characteristic of linear resistive components is the general solution of Clairaut equation, and the voltage-current characteristic of non- linear components is the singular solution of Clairaut equation.

论文摘要：本文讨论了任意伏安特性电阻元件满足的基本微分方程以及非线性电路的功率匹配问题的几个定理，指出任意伏安特性电阻元件均满足非线性一阶的clairaut方程，并且，线性电阻元件的伏安特性是clairaut 方程通解，而非线性电阻元件的伏安特性是clairaut 方程的奇解。

The holistic design of the system and resolved the designs of software and hardware based on VXI bus are put forward according to the demand of test system. The hardware and software is designed, including the formation and design of hardware system, visual instrument software architecture, program design for instrument driver, high speed real-time data collection. In the dynamic test program, the idea of"software is instrument"was applied to meet the diverse test demands. Last, it is proposed that the VXI test system be developed to more totalization and networked. The basic theory of system identification was introduced briefly at first. The principle of spectrum analysis system identification based on Wiener-Hopf equation was expatiated. and the questions in applying Peusdo Random signal as spectrum analysis methods stimulate signal was studied, The generation principle of the peusdo random signal is researched, the characteristic of peusdo random are analyzed from time domain and frequency domain, the inverse repeat peusdo random signal is brought forward to make up the shortage of ordinary peusdo random signal. And a new chaos genetic algorithmis presented to solve the unprecise problem of the traditional method. In the servo valve dynamic characteristic test system, the spectrum analysis methods was applied successfully, the servo valve dynamic characteristic could be acquired rapidly and exactly, the test results were analyzed and the ameliorate methods were brought forward at last.

结合航天某集团液压测试中心测试系统的需求，提出了基于VXI总线的液压测试系统的整体设计方案，完成了测试系统的硬件设计与软件设计，包括硬件系统构成与设计、虚拟仪器软件结构、仪器驱动程序设计、高速同步实时数据采集等内容；以伺服阀动态特性测试为例设计了测试模块，该模块体现了VXI总线仪器软件开发所倡导的"虚拟仪器"的思想，以软件的灵活应用满足了不同的测试需求；结合自动测试系统的发展，研究了VXI测试系统与网络技术结合，实现各种软硬件资源共享，进一步提高设备及数据的利用率和系统的扩展性，使自动测试向综合化、网络化方向发展；研究了伪随机信号作为谱分析法辨识的激励信号时存在的问题，讨论了伪随机信号的产生机理，从频域和时域分析了伪随机信号的性质及其应用，提出了用逆重复伪随机信号弥补了普通伪随机信号的不足，并以混沌遗传算法对逆重复伪随机信号产生过程中的参数进行优化，可以更合理而不是凭经验产生需要的逆重复伪随机信号。

The holistic design of the system and resolved the designs of software and hardware based on VXI bus are put forward according to the demand of test system. The hardware and software is designed, including the formation and design of hardware system, visual instrument software architecture, program design for instrument driver, high speed real-time data collection. In the dynamic test program, the idea of"software is instrument"was applied to meet the diverse test demands. Last, it is proposed that the VXI test system be developed to more totalization and networked. The basic theory of system identification was introduced briefly at first. The principle of spectrum analysis system identification based on Wiener-Hopf equation was expatiated. and the questions in applying Peusdo Random signal as spectrum analysis methods stimulate signal was studied, The generation principle of the peusdo random signal is researched, the characteristic of peusdo random are analyzed from time domain and frequency domain, the inverse repeat peusdo random signal is brought forward to make up the shortage of ordinary peusdo random signal. And a new chaos genetic algorithmis presented to solve the unprecise problem of the traditional method. In the servo valve dynamic characteristic test system, the spectrum analysis methods was applied successfully, the servo valve dynamic characteristic could be acquired rapidly and exactly, the test results were analyzed and the ameliorate methods were brought forward at last.

结合航天某集团液压测试中心测试系统的需求，提出了基于VXI总线的液压测试系统的整体设计方案，完成了测试系统的硬件设计与软件设计，包括硬件系统构成与设计、虚拟仪器软件结构、仪器驱动程序设计、高速同步实时数据采集等内容；以伺服阀动态特性测试为例设计了测试模块，该模块体现了VXI总线仪器软件开发所倡导的&虚拟仪器&的思想，以软件的灵活应用满足了不同的测试需求；结合自动测试系统的发展，研究了VXI测试系统与网络技术结合，实现各种软硬件资源共享，进一步提高设备及数据的利用率和系统的扩展性，使自动测试向综合化、网络化方向发展；研究了伪随机信号作为谱分析法辨识的激励信号时存在的问题，讨论了伪随机信号的产生机理，从频域和时域分析了伪随机信号的性质及其应用，提出了用逆重复伪随机信号弥补了普通伪随机信号的不足，并以混沌遗传算法对逆重复伪随机信号产生过程中的参数进行优化，可以更合理而不是凭经验产生需要的逆重复伪随机信号。

Photosensitive audion adopt a type to be that 2 CU2B photodiode and types are 3 DU33 is an object of study , characteristic property composes in reply spectrum characteristic property from the photodiode illumination , characteristic property and corresponding wavelength carry out photosensitive audion volt-ampere characteristic property , illumination experiment.

采用型号为2CU2B的光敏二极管和型号为3DU33的光敏三极管作为研究对象，从光敏二极管的光照特性和光谱特性，光敏三极管的伏安特性、光照特性和相应波长进行试验。

The system characteristic, exists in any system, also exists in the enterprise flow, but because the system characteristic is hides to the system internality, just like the enterprise the constitution, but the traditional enterprise flow management and the management method, usually all by the outward appearance angle of view and backwardness indicators, to evaluate the condition that enterprise target reach, achieves the goal by the flow operation achievement the means, often neglects the constitution flow intrinsic physique the characteristic, even not mention to in order to conforms to the industry to need and the environmental variation, the development enterprise manages some kind of system characteristic which should have.

系统的特性，存在於任何系统中，亦存在於企业流程中，但是由於系统特性是隐於系统的内在，犹如企业的体质，而传统的企业流程管理与经营方法，通常皆以外观的视角与落后指标，以评估企业目标达成的状况，以流程运作作为达成目标的手段，往往忽略构成流程内在体质的特性，更遑论为符合产业需要与环境变化，发展企业经营应该具备的某种系统特性。

VQ is easy and tend to realize, HMM can comminute the speech dynamically, it can embody not only the dynamic characteristic but also the stationary characteristic of the speech. GMM is a special HMM, it uses combination of many weighted Gaussian density function to approach the distributing density of speaker characteristic vector in characteristic space, so it is also a good way.

VQ方法是最简单又易于实现，HMM方法能将语音动态分割，既能体现语音的动态特征，又能体现语音的平稳特性，GMM用多个加权高斯密度函数的组合来逼近说话人特征矢量在特征空间的分布密度，收到了较好的结果。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

Chapter Three compiled various theories about the patent conflict of, analyzed the formation cause of the patent\'s regional characteristic, clarified the theoretical foundation of breaking through the regional characteristic of patent and pointed out thenecessity of the vanishment of the regional characteristic of patent. Nowadays some countries have already broken through the regional characteristic of patent rights and innovated in the jurisdiction of the foreign-concerning cases in order to solve the transnational disputes of patent rights that are brought by the close international contactChapter Four probed the possibility of the settlement of conflicts of laws of patent rights.

第3章梳理了专利权法律冲突的各种学说，分析了专利权地域性形成的原因，阐明突破专利权地域性的理论依据，指出专利权地域性的消失带有必然性，现阶段部分国家已经突破了专利权的地域性，并且在涉外案件的管辖制度上进行了创新，用以解决国际交往密切所带来的跨国专利权纠纷。

Consumer preference ; fuzzy partial ordering relation ; condorect function

消费者偏好；模糊偏序关系； condorect函数

And she doesn't have a cat, she has a Mexican hairless.

而且她不养猫，她养了一只墨西哥无毛犬。