查询词典 boundary element method

Based on the correlation of the Guadalupian and Lopingian conodont zones of the Salt Range, Pakistan with those of South China, the Amb Formation and the lower part of the Wargal Formation in the Salt Range, Pakistan are Late Guadalupian in age. The Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary is in the lower part of the Wargal Formation, and the Wuchi-apingian/Changhsingian boundary is in the lower part of the Chhidru Formation. The Permian/Triassic boundary is in the Kathwai Member of the Mianwali Formation.

根据华南与盐岭地区瓜达鲁普统和乐平统的牙形类化石带对比，可以确定Amb组和Wargal组底部的时代为瓜达鲁普世晚期，瓜达鲁普统与乐平统的界线位于Wargal组下部，吴家坪阶与长兴阶的界线位于Chhidru组的下部，而二叠与三叠系的界线位于Mianwali组下部的Kathwai段之内。

In this thesis, we apply Coulomb's law and propose an external force to overcome the problem of traditional ACM that can not capture the cavities of an object. Assume that each node of a snake has its own electric charge, and the object boundary has opposite electric charge. Then object boundary will attract the nodes of the snake. This helps the contour easily to move to the object boundary.

本论文中，我们运用库仑定律的观念，提出了一个运用局部引力作为外力的方法，用以克服传统主动性轮廓模型在凹面处收敛不佳的缺点；假设物件边界带电，而主动性轮廓模型的结点带与物件边界相异之电荷，则物件边界会吸引著主动性轮廓模型各结点，使得模型曲线更容易靠近物件边界。

Compared with the known results,the nonlinearity is allowed to change sign and is involved with the first-order derivative explicitly.In particular,the boundary condition includes the Dirichlet boundary condition and Robin boundary condition.

与现有工作相比，我们所考虑的动力方程不但非线性项可变号，而且包含一阶导数项，所考虑的边值条件更具一般性，比如可以包含Dirichlet及Robin边值条件等。

In order to bypass the difficulty of discretizing the boundary r or the Lebesgue discontinuous set Su in the Mumford-Shah model, we use an edge-detector function and a threshold value to induce a thin-belt where the image boundary lie in and displace the length of the boundary by the area of the thin-belt approximatively.

为避免在离散化Mumford-Shah模型中的边界Γ或Lebesgue不连续集S_u的困难，我们借助边界检测算子和门限值，确定图像边界所在的窄带区域，用窄带区域面积近似边界的长度。

This is a kind of evolutionary elliptic free boundary problems, in which the free boundary changes with time and at each fixed time the unknown function satisfies a boundary value problem for an equation of elliptic type.

详细本文分两部分。第一部分讨论拟定常电加工问题。这是一类发展型的椭圆自由边界问题，其自由边界依赖于时间的变化而不断演化，在每一固定时间，未知函数满足椭圆型方程的边值问题。

As the application of the intermediate models is concerned, the works applying the intermediate models to investigate the topographic boundary layer, frontogenesis and low-level frontal structures, and the boundary layer jet are summarized in this article. It is mainly focused on the dynamic characteristics of the Ekman layer and its effect on the low-level structure and circulation of the weather systems illustrated by the models. It is shown that the intermediate boundary-layer models have great potential in illustrating the low level structures of the weather and climate systems as they are coupled with the free atmospheric models.

对于这些Ekman边界层近似理论模型的进一步应用问题，主要回顾和总结了利用上述模型探讨地形边界层结构、大气锋生过程、低层锋面结构和环流以及边界层日变化、低空急流形成等动力学问题的研究，并对这些研究所揭示的Ekman层动力学特征及其对自由大气低层运动的影响进行了分析，结果表明，这些Ekman边界层近似模型可以较好地揭示大气边界层动力学特征，在大气边界层动力学及其与自由大气相互作用的研究上具有重要价值。

Finally, in the third section, by constructing some functional which similar to the conservation law of evolution equation and the technical estimates, we prove that in the inviscid limit the solution of generalized derivative Ginzburg—Landau equation converges to the solution of derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation correspondently in one-dimension; The existence of global smooth solution for a class of generalized derivative Ginzburg—Landau equation are proved in two-dimension, in some special case, we prove that the solution of GGL equation converges to the weak solution of derivative nonlinear Schr〓dinger equation; In general case, by using some integral identities of solution for generalized Ginzburg—Landau equations with inhomogeneous boundary condition and the estimates for the L〓 norm on boundary of normal derivative and H〓 norm of solution, we prove the existence of global weak solution of the inhomogeneous boundary value problem for generalized Ginzburg—Landau equations.

第三部分：在一维情形，我们考虑了一类带导数项的Ginzburg—Landau方程，通过构造一些类似于发展方程守恒律的泛函及巧妙的积分估计，证明了当粘性系数趋于零时，Ginzburg—Landau方程的解逼近相应的带导数项的Schr〓dinger方程的解，并给出了最优收敛速度估计；在二维情形，我们证明了一类带导数项的广义Ginzburg—Landau方程整体光滑解的存在性，以及在某种特殊情形下，GL方程的解趋近于相应的带导数项的Schr〓dinger方程的弱解；在一般情形下，我们讨论了一类Ginzburg—Landau方程的非齐次边值问题，通过几个积分恒等式，同时估计解的H〓模及法向导数在边界上的模，证明了整体弱解的存在性。

O the system should be put into an expending system to be dealt with, which includes the original system, the environment system and the band boundary. There are various complex interactive relationships between the original system and the environment system in an expending system; therefore the band boundary becomes a gradational boundary.

AR系统理论借用了生物系统中的许多重要概念，比如感知、反应、捕获、游离等来研究这类复杂系统的演化问题，认为开放系统的复杂性主要是由系统与环境之间的相互作用关系产生的，而这种相互作用关系最集中地体现在系统边界上，因此必须把系统、环境以及边界三者一起放到一个更广泛的全系统中进行处理。

There are multiple choices for the normalized boundary equation. Based on a chosen normalized boundary equation, a new normalized boundary equation can be established such that the irregularity of the kernel of integral equations is overcome.

边界方程有多种选择，在选定一种边界方程的基础上，可以通过建立一个新的边界方程来表示问题的边界，以克服积分核的奇异性。

An artificial boundary is introduced, and an exact boundary condition by the natural boundary reduction is obtained.

引入一条人工边界，通过自然边界归化获得人工边界上精确的人工边界条件。

I hope that this success is just the first in a long series.

我希望这只是成功的开始。

Three dimensional stresses on the interface of tire and soil, tire deflection and soil sinkage are measured.

测试轮胎——沙土界面上的三向应力、轮胎变形和沙土沉陷；建立考虑剪切应力对沙土承载特性产生影响的车轮牵引性能预测模型；分析车轮作用下土壤的纵向稳定性。