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The invention relates to a method for the extraction of keratin from dead animal skins, characterised in the treatment of dead animal skins with a substance of general formula, or at least one corresponding alkali metal, earth alkali metal, ammonium, or phosphonium salt, the variables having the following definitions: R, R = together or independently, H, C6-C14 aryl, C1-C12 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or several SH or OH groups, R, R = together or independently, H, C6-C14 aryl, C1-C12 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or several SH or OH groups, whereby at least one of R or R is not H, or R and R are not H and two vicinal groups of R to R together may be C3-C10 alkylene, R = H, C1-C12 alkyl, H-C=O or C1-C4-Alkyl-C=O, X, X, X and X = OH, SH or NHR, whereby where Rto R contains at least one sulphur atom, at least one of X to X = SH and where R to R contains no sulphur atom, at least two of X to X= SH.

本发明涉及一种从死亡动物原皮中除去角质的方法，其特征在于用通式I的物质或至少一种对应的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐或∴盐处理死亡动物原皮，式I中各变量定义如下：R 1 和R 4 相同或不同且选自氢、C 6 -C 14 芳基和C 1 -C 12 烷基，其未被取代或被一个或多个SH或OH基团取代；R 2 和R 3 相同或不同且选自氢、C 6 -C 14 芳基和C 1 -C 12 烷基，其未被取代或被一个或多个SH或OH基团取代，其中至少一个基团R 2 或R 3 不为氢，或R 1 和R 4 不为氢，且两个相邻基团R 1 -R 4 可以一起为C 3 -C 10 亚烷基；R 5 选自氢、C 1 -C 12 烷基、H-C＝O或C 1 -C 4 烷基-C＝O；X 1 、X 2 、X 3 和X 4 选自OH、SH和NHR 5 ，其中若R 1 -R 4 含有至少一个硫原子，则至少一个基团X 1 -X 4 为SH，以及若R 1 -R 4 不含硫原子，则至少两个基团X 1 -X 4 为SH。

So the ester type cinchona alkaloid derivatives should be the preferable catalysts for the IFB reaction withβ-phenyl substituted bromoketones as substrate.

由此可知，这类以酯键形成的金鸡纳生物碱衍生物适于催化β-苯取代溴乙酰甲酸乙酯为底物的IFB反应。

First,the planar waveguide models for Rotman lens and its feed lines which incorporate the dispersion effect with frequencies are set up.Then the aperture electric fields at lens ports are expanded by appropriate waveguide mode functions and substituted into the contour integral equation.The multimode scattering matrix of the lens can be acquired by solving the contour integral equation by using Galerkin method.

首先建立了考虑色散效应的透镜的等效平板波导模型，然后选择适当的波导模式函数展开透镜端口上的场，并利用Galerkin法求解其边缘上电场满足的轮廓积分方程即可得到透镜的多模式散射参数。

For a parameter with a default value, the corresponding argument may be omitted from a call, in which case the parameter's default value is substituted.

对于有默认参数值的参数，可以在调用时省略它们，此时他们被赋予默认值。

The high post-emergent and pre-emergent herbicidal activity at low dosage of 75 g ai/hm~2 can be found for some N-(mono-substituted phenyl)-2-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamine derivatives.

2氧桥单取代羧酸酯嘧啶苄胺类化合物在75 g ai／hm~2低剂量下，芽后和芽前除草活性不高。

Second,the sterically demanding substituted magnesium alcoholates can be prepared from dialkylmagnesiums R_2Mg and alcohol.The main disadvantage of this synthesis route lies in the fact that relative expensive dialkyl magnesium compounds,such as Et_2Mg for example,have to be used as starting materials.For this problem,a convenient preparation route of pure dialkylmagnesium from a Grignard reagent.

二、烷基镁法：具有空间位阻效应的仲醇镁和叔醇镁可以直接用烷基镁R_2Mg和醇进行反应来制备，这条路线的主要缺点是烷基镁比较昂贵，为了解决这个问题，本文采用格式试剂来制备烷基镁，将制得的烷基镁与叔丁醇反应制得叔丁醇镁。

Where recommended, two pilot, or guide, pins should be used. These pins are substituted for transmission Bolts and prevent damage to the clutch friction disk as the transmission is moved Back.

此处建议使用两个导杆销钉，用来代替变速器螺栓，以免把变速器装回去时，损坏离合器摩擦盘。

With its characteristic of non-contact、large scale and high precision, it can not be substituted by other contact methods for some special objects and applied fields.

由于视觉测量方法的非接触、大量程和高精度的特点，对一些特殊测量对象和某些生产现场是其它接触式测量方法无法替代的。

Beause the uses of sisal hemp fiber can be substituted by the synthetic products, the cultivation and price of sisal hemp are greatly reduced. In addition, the widespread of different weeds in sisal hemp field also influences the growth of sisal hemp plants. Therefore, the total production of this crop becomes insufficient for the requirements of domestic demand.

自从人造他纤维发明和取代部份之植物纤维用途后，琼麻纤维之价格一落千丈，农民因无利可图，未能加往年再雇工除草，於是麻园里杂草丛生，威胁看琼麻生长，遭致麻丝产量逐年降低，而不能充分供应国内需要。

The massive disseminated and also was easy to received image information cause people's understanding world to be more colorful than before, and gradually substituted for the self-experience, and became one of the main ways people to know and appraisal life.

大量传播，且容易接收的影像信息使人们的认识世界比以往更加丰富多彩，并逐渐取代亲历亲为的体验，而成为人们认识、评价生活的主要途径之一。

We will see more and more activist government policies that distinguish economic activities according to the nationality of the actors.

我们将看到越来越多激进的政府政策，这些政策根据企业的国籍来区分经济活动。

If we can prove the independence of an axiomatic system, then we can guarantee the conciseness of this system, ie.

如果能够证明某个一阶谓词系统的独立性，那么就能够保证该系统的建立是精炼的，即没有任何一条公理或推理规则是多余的。