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It was shown that the area-averaged temperature profile also can not be obtained by means of a system with multi-laser sources in the unhomogeneous atmospheric surface layer.

标 签 折射温度梯度大气近地面层非均匀 refraction temperature gradient atmospheric surface layer unhomogeneous

In the simulation of gas flow, the finite volume method is selected. The three-dimensional time averaged N-S equation, the RNG k -ε turbulent model and the mixed mesh are used. Then the Lagrange particle track model and the uniphase coupling method are used to simulate the gas-solid two phase flow field in the centrifugal fan.

在气相流场的数值模拟中采用了有限体积法和混合类型的网格，以三维时均N-S方程和RNGk-ε两方程湍流模型为基础，利用SIMPLE算法，对离心式通风机进行了内部流场的数值模拟。

Numerical simulation results of rotating stall flow phenomenon inside a centrifugal compressor with vaneless diffuser by solving three-dimensional Reynolds averaged compressible N-S equations using commerical CFD software CFX adopting RNG k-ε turbulence model are presented.

使用商业计算流体力学软件CFX求解三维雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程组，结合出口气腔模型对某带无叶扩压器的离心压缩机的旋转失速现象进行数值模拟。

Treatment of spinal tuberculosis1methods between february 1998 and august 2000 , 12 patients with spinal tuberculosis were operated with anterior vertebrectomy , bone grafting and plating1 evaluation including bone fusionrate , correction of deformity and status of spinal lesion was carried out1results in an average of ten months ,spinal tuberculosis was completely cured and solid bone fusion had taken place in all 12 patients1 the time for bone fusion averaged 518 months and the average angle of correction of kyphosis was 16°1conclusions anterior plating following vertebrectomy and bone grafting offers a complete removal of lesion and decompression of the spinal canal as well as reconstruction of spinal stability1 early rehabilitation and an increased curative rate can be expected through this procedure1

目的 探讨经脊柱前路结核病灶清除的同时植骨内固定的可行性和必要性，以及对脊柱结核的治疗效果。方法1998 年2月~2000 年8 月采用脊柱前路病椎切除加植骨，并采用orion或z-plate 钢板进行椎体固定。共治疗12 例脊柱结核，观察植骨融合及矫正畸形情况和结核病灶愈合情况。结果经平均10 个月的随访，12 例患者脊柱结核均治愈，植骨与受骨区全部骨性融合，融合时间平均为518 个月，后凸矫正角度平均16°。全组病例切口均一期愈合。无手术并发症。结论本方法可经脊柱前路作较彻底的病灶清除，并较好地进行脊柱矫形和椎管减压，完成脊柱稳定性重建，有利于患者早期离床活动和脊柱结核治愈率的提高。

In order to testify the reliability of the approximate approach, the calculated value of volumetrically averaged energy dissipation rate based on the approximate approach are compared with the calculated results from an analytical equation derived on the thermodynamic laws and using the universally accepted equations for the friction factor.

为了检验能量耗散率近似算法的可靠性，将按近似算法计算得到的管内湍流体均能量耗散率与按热力学方法导出的解析式并采用公认的摩擦因子公式计算的体均能量耗散率进行了对比。

MRF approach was applied to investigate the flow characteristics around a high-speed ICE train travelling on south Yashiro bridge in Japan under cross wind,based on three dimensional incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,combined with RNG k-ε turbulence model.

采用3维定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程，结合RNGk-ε湍流模型，利用多重参考系法，对横向风作用下ICE高速列车在日本屋代南桥上运行的绕流进行分析。

The 3D-flow field in a bell-shaped suction box of a large pumping station of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is simulated applying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation, the standard turbulent model, and SIMPLEC algorithm.

结合南水北调某大型泵站钟形进水流道的设计，采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程和标准湍流模型，运用SIMPLEC算法，模拟了钟形进水流道2种设计方案在对称进水工况和偏流进水工况下的三维流场。

The children averaged 15 years of age.

这些儿童的平均年龄为15岁。

For example, in one case we averaged over $2,000 per day with one campaign.

例如，在一个情况下，我们平均超过2000美元每天一个系列。

In fact, they averaged a decline of a half of one percent during that same period.

事实上，在相同的时期，其平均下降了0.5%。

This matter overthrew all basises I learned from Sunday school .

这件事把我从周日学校学到的所有道理都颠覆了。

It's one of the cruel ironies of aging: if you want to remember your favorite restaurants, the less you should eat at them.

这是一个老化的残酷讽刺：如果你想记住你最喜欢的餐馆，你应该更少吃到它们。