查询词典 approximate construction

The groundwork of this text is as follows:In understanding the graphic presentation characteristic of the construction drawing of the building, foundation of content. At building the semantemes of construction drawing, building construction drawings understanding tactics and content gone on detailed analysis understanding. Have laid a good foundation for the following understanding of the construction drawing; According to the expression characteristic of the construction drawing, utilize the technology of OOP, Adopt C ++ language and draw the level models of fire control feature; It carries on deep analysis to DXF file format give and a method of read DXF file. On the basis of reading DXF file and familiar with understanding to the form of DXF file, study to the pattern recognition methods of fire control facility.

本文的主要工作如下：在了解建筑工程图的图示特点、内容的基础上，对建筑工程图的语义、理解策略、建筑消防审查等内容进行了详细的分析，为后面的工程图的理解打下了良好的基础；根据工程图的表达特点，利用面向对象的程序设计方法，采用C++语言，得出了消防特征类的层次模型；对DXF文件格式进行深入的分析，并给出了读取DXF文件的方法；在读取DXF文件和对DXF文件的格式熟悉了解的基础上，对消防设施的图形识别方法进行了研究，提出了实效的图形识别的方法。

According to the aspect of collections of the history data, towards the collection or searching instance of the similar typical construction relevant to the pre-estimate construction, the prediction mode can be established in separate way against the ration valuation mode. The prediction-mode formed with fuzzy can be used to issue the cost of pre-construction based on adjoined degree of the typical construction and the proposed-construction. This adjoin degree is established in the engineering characterization list of elements which is established beforehand. With reference to

对于以定额计价模式为主的报价资料预测拟建工程造价的，可采用以模糊数学建立的预测模型，以事先建立的工程特征元素表确定典型工程与拟建工程之间的贴近度，利用预测模型对拟建工程进行报价；对于以工程量清单为主的报价资料拟建工程造价的，可采用以灰色理论为基础的数学工具，以灰色关联度确定工程间贴近程度，结合模糊数学建立的预测模型并利用灰色理论建立相关的预测模型对拟建工程进行报价。

Through the course, students are expected to learn the basic theories of house construction; to master the general construction making of buildings and the drawing methods of detailed construction pictures; to be able to read shop drawing of general industrial and civil buildings and draw building's shop drawing according to design intentions; to know the construction design principles for general buildings; to have basic knowledge of construction design and to be able to correctly understand design intentions.

建 筑构造部分介绍建筑的组成、各组成部分的构造原理和构造方法，建筑设计部分介绍一般建筑的设计原则和设计方法，包括总平面布置、平面设计、剖面设计、立面体型及细部处理等方面的问题。通过这门课程的学习，使学生掌握房屋构造的基本理论；初步掌握建筑的一般构造做法和构造详图的绘制方法，能识读一般工业与民用建筑施工图，并能按照设计意图绘制建筑施工图；了解一般房屋建筑设计原理，具有建筑设计的基本知识，正确理解设计意图。

Construction machinery, construction materials, plumbing equipment, ceramics, stone, modified materials, construction chemical additives, coatings, paint, floor and carpet, wallpaper and wall mosaics, window materials, items shed and roof materials, glass, metal construction, plumbing equipment, sanitary ware, windows, metal accessories, valves, fasteners, standard parts, nails screen, heating facilities, air conditioning and ventilation systems, heating, electrical facilities, lighting systems, water systems and equipment, refrigeration systems, bathroom facilities, kitchen utensils, construction products and the structure of the roof, engineering Network, fire safety systems, building technology.

建筑机械、建筑材料、管道设备、陶瓷、石材、修饰材料、建筑化学附加剂、涂料、油漆，地板与地毯、墙纸及墙板镶嵌等、门窗材料、项棚和房顶材料、玻璃、建筑五金、水暖器材、洁具、门窗、五金配件、阀门、紧固件、标准件、钉丝网、采暖设施、空调和通风系统、供热技术，电气设施、照明系统、水系统和设备、制冷系统、卫浴设施、厨具、建筑制品和结构，屋顶、工程管网、防火安全系统、建筑技术等。

For a general parametric curve/surface, we usually cannot compute its exact implicit form. Even though its exact implicit form can be computed, the curve/surface implicitization involves relatively complicated computation and the degree is higher. Moreover, it may have unexpected components and self-intersections. All these unsatisfied properties limit the applications of the exact implicitization. So finding curve/surface approximate implicitization has become a practical problem. In this paper, we present an algorithm to solve the approximate implicitization of a given parametric curve by using a quadratic algebraic spline curve.

由于精确隐式化过程不一定可以实现，即使可以实现隐式曲线曲面的阶数高计算复杂，并且具有不希望的自交点和奇异分支，从而限制了隐式化的运用，所以寻求参数曲线曲面的近似隐式化问题成为很实际又重要的问题，提出利用二次代数样条曲线来实现一般平面参数曲线近似隐式化的一种算法。

If we hope to use a sequence of finite objects to approximate infinite objects, then we should know what kinds of infinite objects are approximable and how to approximate them effectively.

无穷形式对象可逼近的充分条件为了研究哪一类无穷对象可以逼近以及如何有效地逼近它们，我们用过程模式作为无穷对象上的计算的模型，用以刻画接受无穷输入、生成无穷输出的无穷对象上的计算。

The basic concept in these sections is replacing backward Euler's method by modified backward Eulers's method to approximate the characteristic differential equation and discretizing the convection-diffusion equation at the middle point of the approximate characteristic curve, which will make the convective term get up to second order accuracy.

这三节的基本离散方法是用改进的Euler公式代替向后Euler公式来近似特征微分方程，并且将近似特征线的中点作为离散节点，使得对流项的离散精度提高到二阶，对于扩散项，将其转移到待求时间层进行离散。

Considering the pitch deviation, pitch accumulative deviation, flank angle deviation and their combined influence on the pitch diameter, the authors present a complete differential optimal approximate model in this paper and use the ideal thread to approximate the actual thread radially and axially.

本文建立的螺纹中径当量全微分优化逼近模型，考虑了螺距偏差、螺距累积偏差和半角偏差本身及其相互间对中径的综合影响，并用理想螺纹在径向和轴向二维逼近实际螺纹。

In this paper, Galerkin method is employed. First, test functions to satisfy natural boundary conditions are selected. Then the approximate analytic formulations of the system frequency are derived. Meanwhile the approximate analytic formulation of the limit velocity is got.

采用直接法，首先选取满足自然边界条件的试函数，而后求出了系统固有频率的近似解析公式，同时也得到了极限流速的近似解析公式。

The relationship between transient response and shape design variables is highly non-linear, and the behavior of feasible domains is often not good, which may cause convergence difficulties. In order to improve convergence speed of iteration process, some algorithms the feasible domains adjusting, the adaptive move limit, the approximate line search and the approximate reanalysis, are adopted.

采用基于Newmark积分的直接求导法计算瞬态响应灵敏度，在序列二次规划算法中采用了可行域调整、近似—维搜索、自适应运动极限等改进技术，提高求解效率和收敛稳定性，以解决结构动态响应与设计变量的关系复杂、高度非线性，优化可行区域的性态不良等问题。

He became prime minister in 1997 and won international acclaim for his role in the Northern Ireland peace process.

他在1997年成为总理，并且因为在北爱尔兰的和平进程中发挥的作用受到国际社会的赞许。

Mixed Page Sorting Method Using the cuttable user model, this thesis proposes a mixed page sorting method by using cutted user model in server-side and complete user model in client-side.

隐私分级利用的混合式页面排序方法针对个性化搜索中搜索结果排序的问题，本文利用隐私可控开放的用户偏好模型，提出一个在客户端和服务器端分步进行的隐私分级利用的混合式页面排序方法。