查询词典 alpine fir

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

Bieti lost its habitat continuously in recently decades associated with the extension of rangelands and farmlands, as well as firewood collection etc. The monkey live mainly in primary fir forest and the mixed conifer forest, to evaluate the status of the monkeys' habitat, we employed GIS and RS software to identify the habitat types with five Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite imagery in winter of 1986, 1992, 1997, 2001 and 2006 years respectively. The work resulted in: 1 the size of summer grazing lands, farmlands, and fir forest was 13 100 hm2, 6 400 hm2, and 30 500 hm2 in 2006 respectively; 2 during the past 20 years (1986-2006), the size of fir forest (including primary fir forest and the mixed conifer forest) decreased by 14.6%(5 200 hm2), summer grazing lands and farmlands increased by 47.2%(4 200 hm2) and 14.3％(800 hm2) respectively; and 3, during the past 20 years, the number of firry forest patches increased by 68.4%, the mean size of firry forest patches decreased by 49.3%(from 15.1 to7.6 hm2), the largest patch index of firry forest decreased 54.9%; the patch richness had no change, but the Shannon's diversity index and the Shannon's evenness index increased by 2.7% respectively.

为了评估该物种的栖息地现状和变化情况，我们通过野外调查工作，应用GIS和RS技术，分别解译了1986年、1992年、1997年、2001年和2006年的Landsat TM/ETM+冬季卫星影像，并对解译结果进行了计算和分析，得到了以下西藏种群栖息地的主要结果：1）现有暗针叶林（包括原始针叶林和针阔混交林）面积是30 500 hm2，夏季牧场面积是13 100 hm2，农田面积是6 400 hm2；2）在过去20年间（1986-2006年），暗针叶林面积减少了14.6％（5 200 hm2），夏季牧场面积增加了47.2％（4 200 hm2），农田面积增加了14.3％（800 hm2）；3）在过去20年间，暗针叶林的斑块数量增加了68.4％，平均斑块面积下降了49.3％（从1986年的15.1 hm2下降到2006年的7.6 hm2），最大的斑块指数下降了54.9％；景观丰富度并没有变化，但Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数分别增加了2.7％。

Fir -ball ... fir - cone fir cone fir cones ... fire fire fire fire burning body of blasting warnings ...

fir-ball 冷杉球果。。。fir-cone 冷杉球果。。。fire射火解雇炽热体放炮警告。。。

In the fire performance study, the charring rate of side and bottom were ranged from 0.587 to 0.750 mm/min and 0.709 to 0.897 mm/min for China fir glulam, 0.643 to 0.770 mm/min and 0.644 to 0.911 mm/min for Japanese cedar glulam, 0.608 to 0.757 mm/min and 0.614 to 0.817 mm/min for Taiwania glualm, 0.588 to 0.627 mm/min and 0.632 to 0.694 mm/min for Douglas-fir glulam, and 0.530 to 0.568 mm/min and 0.566 to 0.583 mm/min for Southern pine glualm, respectively. The results indicated that the charring rate in all glulam showed a decreasing order in Taiwania＞Japanese cedar ＞China fir ＞Douglas-fir＞Southern pine glulam.

集成材之火灾特性上，炭化速度方面：杉木集成梁侧面之炭化速度为0.587 - 0.750 mm/min；底面之炭化速度为0.709 - 0.897 mm/min；柳杉集成梁侧面之炭化速度为0.643 - 0.770 mm/min；底面之炭化速度为0.644 - 0.911 mm/min；台湾杉集成梁侧面之炭化度为0.608 - 0.757 mm/min；底面之炭化速度为0.614 – 0.817 mm/min；花旗松集成梁侧面之炭化速度为0.588 - 0.627 mm/min；底面之炭化速度为0.632 - 0.694 mm/min；南方松集成梁侧面之炭化速度为0.530 - 0.568 mm/min；底面之炭化速度为0.566 - 0.583 mm/min，有南方松集成材优於花旗松集成材，依序为杉木集成材、柳杉集成材、台湾杉集成材之趋势。

With the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains high to low altitude, soil types in order for the development of alpine cold desert soil, alpine meadow soil, sub-alpine meadow soil, chernozem (slope for the dust-color), chestnut soil, ash calcium Soil.

祁连山北坡随着海拔高度由高到低，土壤类型依次发育为高山寒漠土、高山草甸土、亚高山草甸土、黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土。

By using the method of comparative geography, the continuity and discontinuity between alpine meadow and its neighboring and alike landscapes have been studied in order to indicate that the alpine meadow zone is the transitional landscape from montane forest to alpine steppe and it can be regarded as a large altitudinal belt compared with the latitudinally distributed tundra on a global scale.

首先，用比较地理学的方法探讨了高寒草甸与其相邻和相似景观之间存在的连续性和间断性，说明地带性的高寒草甸景观是从山地森林景观向高寒草原景观的过渡；而在全球空间尺度范围内，作为"大垂直带"的高寒草甸，与纬向分布的极地苔原具有可比性。

There were three isozyme (AMY1, AMY2 and AMY3) at the locus of amylase in Qinghai Merino, moreover, there were two genotypes of AMY2A and AMY2O at the AMY2. Monomorphism was tested at the locus of AMY in Gansu Alpine Merino. The degree of genetic variability estimated by Nei's expected average heterozygosity for the 6 blood protein loci was relatively higher in Gansu Alpine Merino and in Qinghai Merino than that in others, which indicated that there are higher genetic variations and richer genetic diversity in Alpine Merino.

从6个血液蛋白位点的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度所估计的群体内的遗传变异以及与本研究其它群体的结果相比来看，甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊的群体内的遗传变异相对较大，而其它群体内的遗传变异则相对较小，说明高原型细毛羊群体内遗传变异程度较大，遗传多样性较丰富，具有较大的选择潜力，为高原型细毛羊进一步选育提高提供了遗传基础。

Based on the field investigation in Aug 2001 and Aug 2002, digital China Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in 1996, vegetation characteristic along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway is studied in this article Meanwhile, the impacts of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on the ecosystems are analyzed using ARCVIEW、ARC/INFO and PATCH ANALYSIS It was found that:(1) Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 altitudes,12 longitudes and 6 natural regions (East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Chaidamu mountain desert region, South Qinghai alpine meadow steppe region, Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Guoluonaqu alpine scrub meadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region);(2) the constructions of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide buffer regions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the Primary Productivity deceased by about 30504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432919.25～

：根据2001-08和2002-08月野外调查数据及2001年1∶100万中国植被图、1996年1∶400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。

The spatial heterogeneity of soil water in alpine meadow, alpine shrub and desert grassland of alpine area in Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been analyzed in different plot scales by applying Kriging and geo-statistical methods.

运用Kriging插值法和地统计分析，从多个样地尺度对青藏高原东缘高寒地区典型的高寒草甸、高寒灌丛及沙化草地进行了土壤水分的空间异质性分析。

Studies on the autointoxication of Chinese fir show that the aqueous extracts of surface soil, leaf litter, half decaying leaf litter, fresh leaf, branch, bark and root in pure Chinese fir plantation and their polyvinyl pyrrolidone k30 solutions affected the seed germination of Chinese fir, Raphanus sativous and water convolvulus.

对杉木自毒作用研究表明，杉木纯林中的土壤、枯落叶、半分解枯落叶和杉木鲜叶、枝条、树皮、树根的水浸液及其添加乙烯吡咯啉酮k30 的溶液对杉木种子、空心菜种子和萝卜种子的萌发均有影响。

I go to school at night.

我是上上学。

Clear Tip Nasal Aspirator: A soft time and gentle suction action makes removing excess mucus easy.

鼻吸明确提示：一个柔软的时间和温柔吸力行动使消除过剩的粘液容易。