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The former, such as Bettess element and Astley element, needs geometry mapping and shape functions in terms of local coordinates, while for the latter, the shape functions are directly expressed in terms of global coordinates. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and recent advances of the infinite element method for unbounded domains.

无限元分为映射无限元和非映射无限元：映射无限元需要引入几何映射，在局部坐标系中构造插值形状函数，如Bettess 元和Astley元；非映射无限元则直接在整体坐标系中构造插值形状函数，如Burnett元。

The period of the High Middle Ages in Europe saw major technological advances, including the adoption through the Silk Road of printing, gunpowder, the astrolabe, and the compass, in many ways sustaining the development of Renaissance Europe and the Age of Exploration.

全盛的中世纪时期，欧洲看到了主要的领先技术，包括采用通过丝绸之路而来的印刷术、黑色火药、星盘和罗盘，以很多方式支持了欧洲文艺复兴和探险时期的发展。

Improvements in digital technology have allowed amateurs to make impressive advances in the field of astrophotography.

数字化技术的改进，使业余爱好者能够令人印象深刻的进步领域的天文摄影。

At the turn of new century, science and technology advances by leaps and bounds.

20世纪末，科学技术呈现出突飞猛进的新态势。

Now, thanks to advances in modern atomic theory, the atomic basis of these divine symbols can be appreciated.

现在，感谢现代原子理论前沿，可以欣赏这些神性符号的原子根据。

The paper analyzes the problems of forestland property rights in southern collective forest region by case-study, and advances that solving the problems relies on detailedly differentiating right to use forestland and promoting attornment of right to use forestland after separating right to use forestland from ownership of forestland.

本研究通过案例研究的方法，分析了南方集体林区林地产权所存在的具体问题。从而提出了解决南方集体林区林地产权问题的思路是在落实所有权和使用权分离的原则下，细化林地使用权，推进林地使用权的流转。

Part of this improvement is attributable to technological advances in medicine, which sadly do not come cheap.

一部分的改进归功于医学方面的技术进步，但令人伤心的是价格并没有变便宜。

Regardless of the latest advances in imaging techniques, heart sound auscultation is still the first choice being done in cardio clinic.

但是，传统的心音听诊器存在多方面的不足，从而阻碍了医学在心音诊断方面的发展。

In 1999, there was a breakthrough in e-learning with advances in authoring software.

在1999年，有一个突破，在电子学习与进步，创作软件。

Along with rapid development of bio-technology, artificial chromosome doubling in vitro is the efficiency approach of producing polyploidy plants. Advances on in vitro induction of autotetraploid in plants was reviewed.

随着生物技术的迅速发展，通过植物离体组织人工诱导多倍体已经成为获得多倍体植株的有效途径，本文就植物离体组织染色体加倍诱导同源四倍体的研究进展做一介绍。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。