查询词典 adjoint differential expression

Based on adjoint code technique, the adjoint assimilation system of MM4 model is developed, and the assimilation experiments of conventional and non-conventional data are carried out.

以中尺度模式MM4为基础，利用伴随码技术改进、完善了MM4伴随模式同化系统，并利用该系统进行了常规资料和非常规资料的伴随模式同化试验，例如加入了可降水量资料等。

Spectral methods and the classical Crank-Nicolson scheme are applied to deduce the full discrete system for the continuous model, then the variational adjoint assimilation approach is used to derive the gradient and the corresponding adjoint system.

从这个全离散问题出发，结合全局或局部已知的观测数据，分别构造梯度下降算法求解相应的最优化问题。我们分析了采用不同方法计算梯度所需的代价，另外，还给出一种选择最优迭代步长的算法。

In this paper a genetic algorithm four-dimension data assimilation system was applied to the more complex MM5 model, we verify the performance of the genetic algorithm assimilation system, we take the a heavy rainfall process during 04-05, July, 2003 as the experimental research object, and carry out data assimilation experiment of actual observation data, compare the experimental results of the genetic algorithm assimilation system and MM5 adjoint model assimilation system with the experimental results without assimilation, the following is the result:genetic algorithm assimilation system is used not only in a barotropic primitive equation but also in the complex model, MM5, for example, in the ideal experiment the result of the genetic algorithm assimilation system is better than the MM5 adjoint model assimilation system, in the assimilation experiment of actual observation data, whichever assimilation system is used, the initial field of numerical prediction model is effectively improved and the prediction effect of physical field and rainfall are somewhat enhanced.

本文将遗传算法的四维同化系统运用到更复杂的MM5模式中，在理想实验中验证遗传算法同化系统的性能，并以2003年7月4日"南京暴雨"作为研究对象，进行了实际观测资料的同化，并将遗传算法同化系统和MM5伴随模式同化系统得到的结果跟未同化的结果进行了比较，结果如下：遗传算法同化系统不仅可以用在正压原始方程模式上，同样也可以用在MM5等复杂模式上，理想实验证明了遗传算法同化系统优于MM5伴随同化系统，在实际观测资料同化中，采用两种方法的同化系统都能有效地改善数值预报模式的初始场，能在一定程度上提高物理量场和降水量的预报效果。

The optimal control law obtained consists of linear analytic functions and a compensation term which is a series sum of the adjoint vectors. The analytic functions can be found by solving a Riccati matrix difference equation and a matrix difference equation. The compensation term can be obtained by a recursion formula that solves adjoint vector equations.

得到的最优输出跟踪控制律由状态向量的线性解析函数和伴随向量级数形式的补偿项组成，其解析函数由一次性求解Riccati矩阵差分方程和矩阵差分方程得到，补偿项由求解伴随向量差分方程的递推公式得到。

The definition of adjoint pair and equivalent condition are discussed. A sufficient condition of adjoint pair is improved.

讨论伴随对定义及其等价条件，改进伴随对存在的一个充分条件。

This research method is independent of Green"s function and variational structure. So it can tackle with the BVP for non self-adjoint and self-adjoint difference equations and overcome the difficulties brought about by the establishment of Green"s function, a study of the sign and the estimate of below and above bounded for Greens function.

本章的研究方法既不依赖于Green函数又不依赖于变分结构，因而能解决非自共轭的差分方程边值问题，且克服了Green函数的建立、其符号的判断及其上下界的估计给研究带来的困难，该方法同样适用于研究自共轭的差分方程边值问题。

Firstly, we define the Killing form over any finite dimensional Hopf algebras using the adjoint action, then we investigate the fundamental properties of the Killing form, and obtain a decomposition of Hopf algebras under the adjoint action.

首先，利用Hopf代数的伴随作用定义了有限维Hopf代数上的Killing型，并讨论了Killing型的基本性质，得到了Hopf代数上的伴随表示分解式。

The central problem is whether thecommutatoris self-adjoint or not since every observable in quantum mechanics isrepresented by a self-adjoint operator.

对于该不等式的一个中心问题是：交换子i不是自共轭的，也就是说，不是量子力学中的一个观测量。

In Chapter 3,applying the results of the Chapter 1 and 2,we discusssystematically the bound restricting self-adjoint extensions for Sturm-Liouvilleoperator 〓,i.e.,for any constant〓,we find all the possible self-adjoint extensionsL,such that their minimal engenvalue is exactly equal to 〓.

第三章 应用前两章所发展的一般理论，更详尽地讨论Sturm-Liouville微分算子〓的限界自伴扩张（即刻画〓的所有可能自伴扩张L使L以预先给定的常数〓为最小特征值）。

Aimed to the differential equation in form of convolution and the functional presented by M. E. Gurtin, the matrix operator which includes the differential equation and the boundary condition is proved self-adjoint, furthermore a general variational principles in form of convolution and the preparation theorem are given and proved.

针对M.E.Gurtin提出的含卷积运算的抛物型偏微分方程及其对应的泛函，运用泛函势算子理论，从理论上证明了含卷积运算的抛物型偏微分方程及其边界条件所对应的矩阵算子有势，进而给出并证明了具有普适意义的含卷积运算的变分定理及预备定理。

Sodium citrate; calcium carbonate; calcium hydroxide; potassium bicorbonate; magnesium carbonate; ferrous sulphate; Zinc sulphate; copper sulphate; manganese sulphate; potassium iodide; sodium selenite.

柠檬酸钠；碳酸钙；氢氧化钙；碳酸氢钾；碳酸镁；硫酸亚铁；硫酸锌；硫酸铜；硫酸锰；碘化钾；亚硒酸钠。

All this to say that I'm glad filmmaking hasn't become completely ironic. I can enjoy an ironic film as much as the next person, but they usually involve a message of some sort. One that's delivered in a smirkingly clever way that requires little in the way of talent.

所有这些都是说，我很高兴电影制作没有变成完全讽刺艺术，我可以和下一个人一样享受讽刺电影的乐趣，虽然他们经常会被划归到一定级别，技术方面不需要很高的才能。