查询词典 Mandarin Language

This dissertation studies Beijing Nongmingong's Mandarin attitude from five points, including their evaluation of Mandarin, psychological receptive degree of using Mandarin, degree of difficulty in learning Mandarin, expectative degree for their Mandarin competence, and expectative degree for their children's leaning of Mandarin. This part also studies Beijing Nongmingong's dialect attitude from two points: their evaluation of dialect and expectative degree of preserving their children's dialect.

从在京农民工"对普通话的主观评价、说普通话的心理接受程度、学习普通话的难易感受、对自身普通话水平的期望程度和对子女会说普通话的期望程度"五个角度，展示了在京农民工对普通话的态度；从在京农民工"对家乡话的评价、对子女保持家乡话的期望程度"两个角度，展示了在京农民工对家乡话的态度。

The Dialect in Northern Anhui mainly refers to the Central Mandarin dialects in the area north of Huaihe River, Anhui Province. Surrounded by other Central Mandarin dialects and the Eastern Mandarin dialects, the Dialects in Norther Anhui has the intermediacy between other Central Mandarin dialects and the Eastern Mandarin dialects, which is prominently reflected in the lexicon.

皖北方言主要指安徽省淮河以北地区的中原官话，皖北方言处在其他中原官话和江淮官话的包围之中，在词汇上具有从中原官话向江淮官话的过渡性。

This article discussed the problem of the relationship between the language nationality and sociality, putting forward oppugnation about "Han mandarin" and country current mandarin, considering that the constitution prescropt about "the whole country current mandarin extended by nation" should be comprehended correctly, in order to take more achievement in whole country extending mandarin.

文章论述了语言的民族性与社会性的关系问题，对"汉语普通话"和"国家通用的普通话"等说法提出了质疑，认为应该正确理解宪法关於"国家推广全国通用的普通话"的规定，使全国推广普通话的工作取得更大成绩。

On the basis of some language facts that we discovered in Fucun, we try to explain the "contradiction", and think that the root of the " contradiction" rests with the undoubtedly powerful status of Mandarin: Fucun people on the one hand think that Mandarin is more useful and preferable, so willing to speak it; on the other hand, regarding Mandarin as the mark of high social status, they may difficultly accept or exclude using Mandarin before people of the village, so uncourageous to speak it.

根据在傅村所调查到的一些事实，我们对这一看似矛盾的现象进行了解释，认为这一&矛盾&的根源在于普通话无可争议的强势地位：傅村人一方面认为它&更好听&&史有用&，因而&想说&，但另一方面又将普通话视为有身份、有地位的标志，若对同村人使用这样的语言，对方将难以接受并很有可能受到排斥甚至指责，因而又&不敢说&。

Since the 1990s, he has proposed that the fundamental task of Chinese teaching is language learning, that its purpose is to improve students' ability to comprehend and apply Chinese, the essence is to direct students acquire the language while practicing on the basis of their development and the major method language-sense teaching. He has asserted that the language-sense teaching method must follow the steps of feeling, apprehending, accumulating and using of language. The practice and analysis of language-sense method must be of equal importance, and closely combined to moral education, thought training, aesthetic edifying, and Chinese language impartment. He has also claimed that teaching material should be compiled with more contents, more refinement and higher starting point in terms of students' actual development of language skills. His analysis of the long-term misplays in Chinese language education is profound and the repositioning and re-interpretation to the facts as purpose, task, essence, subject, method and materials of Chinese language teaching are full-scaled. In terms of teaching, Hong has stressed on the cultivation of the ability of language acquisition and intuition.

上世纪90年代以来，他先后提出语文教学的根本任务是学习语言；语文教学的目的是提高学生正确理解和运用祖国语言文字的能力；语文教学要以学生发展为本，&变讲堂为学堂&，指导学生在实践中学习语言；语文教学的主要方法是语感教学；语感教学要遵循&感受、领悟、积累、运用&的途径，坚持语感实践与语感分析并重，并与思想教育、思维训练、审美陶冶、语文知识教学紧密结合，与生活密切联系；根据学生语言发展的实际，大容量、高起点、选精品编写教材等一系列主张，从理论上对语文教学的长期性失误作了深刻剖析，对语文教学的目的、任务、本体、主体、方法、教材等问题进行重新定位和诠释。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

Vigor of Yo of teach by word of mouth of right of character of antonym of this groups of knitting needle, language, language, language is in severe danger, the stipulations of an agreement that the problem makes the language such as bequest of language diversity, language, perhaps having becominging each country to establish the language policy, base that develops language research and language to carry out an activity for the most part.

该组织针对语言权利、语言教育、语言活力、语言濒危、语言多样性、语言遗产等语言新问题制定的规约，大部分已经或者正在成为各国制定语言政策、开展语言探究和语言实践活动的基础。

Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-lingual and multi-cultural ethnic autonomous areas, since ancient times is the intersection of multilingual text, the history of language used, such as the Huns, Jianduoluo language, in Hetian Cypriots, Chinese , Yanqi - Qiuzi language, Turkic language, Sogdian language, Uighur language, medieval Persian, the Tibetan language, Mongolian, Manchu language, and other languages.

新疆是多民族、多语种、多文种和多元文化的民族自治地方，也是自古以来多种语言文字的交汇之地，历史上使用过诸如匈奴语、犍陀罗语、于阗塞语、汉语、焉耆—龟兹语、突厥语、粟特语、回鹘语、中古波斯语、吐蕃语、蒙古语、满语等语言。

For example, the merger of ancient voiced obstruent onset tone IV syllables into IB covers the whole Mandarin area except for Jiangsu and Anhui which preserve tone IV, and the merger of sonorant onset tone IV syllables into III covers the Mandarin areas of Hebei-Shandong, Lanyin, Beijing, the Northeast, Liaoning, etc., and the merger of voiceless onsets into IA covers the Mandarin areas of the central plains and Hebei-Shandong.

例如，古全浊声母入声字归阳平的读法涵盖了除保留入声的江淮官话以外的所有官话区，古次浊声母入声字归去声的读法涵盖了冀鲁、兰银、北京、东北、胶辽等五个官话区，古清声母归阴平的读法也涵盖了中原官话和冀鲁官话。

Second, Wu dialects, like Mandarin, are of both prepositions and postpositions, but the postposition system in Wu dialects is more advanced than in Mandarin in that there are richer highly grammaticalized postpositions and they play more active syntactic roles in Wu dialects than in Mandarin.

二、吴语像普通话一样前置词和后置词并存，但后置词比普通话更为发达，表现在语法化程度更高、在句法结构中的作用更重要。

Objective:To compare the response control and attention of Schizophrenic patients with that of the healthy controls by Integrated Visual and Auditorycontinuous performance test. To quantitate the impairment of cognitive function in patients, and to explore the relationship between cognitive function and the severity of the disorder.

目的：探讨精神分裂症病人在IVA持续操作测试中的反应控制能力、注意力等，并与健康人进行比较，从而量化精神分裂症病人的认知功能损害，并进一步探讨其认知功能与疾病严重程度的关系。

Main effective factors including subcooling degree, mechanical vibration, gas hydrate reformation, environment temperature, noncondensing gas and surfactant are analyzed.

指出过冷度、机械振动、重复生成水合物、环境温度、不凝性气体、添加剂是影响气体水合物生成的主要因素，还对R152a水合物的放冷进行了实验研究。