查询词典 Graham's law of diffusion

objective to obtain the diffusion tensor maps of the normal human brain,and assess intrinstic properties of water diffusion in quantitative parameters for an anatomic analysis.methods maps of isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient and various anisotropic maps were calculated in60healthy adults from seven diffusion imagings by using single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequence.brain parenchyma anatomy was analyzed and adciso and various anisotropic index were measured.results （1）diffusion properties of different tissues and anatomic areas of normal adult human brain are different.diffusion in white matter is anisotropic;diffusion in gray matter is isotropic.

目的 获取正常人脑组织扩散张力性图像（diffusion densor imaging，dti），定量分析正常人脑组织水扩散的内在特性，进一步评价脑解剖结构。方法 60例健康正常人，应用单次激发epi-dw序列，计算出adciso图及各向异性图，分析脑实质不同区域的解剖结构，测量adciso（isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient）及各向异性指数。结果（1）脑内不同组织结构弥散特性不同，脑白质弥散表现为各向异性，而脑灰质弥散表现为各向同性。

Based on the above-mentioned parameter, according to the relationship between robust estimation and nonlinear diffusion, the Turkey loss function is introduced as the diffusion function in SAR image decomposition because of its better performance, and the contour of an image is extracted by the Turkey diffusion function with the proposed diffusion parameter mentioned above. The experiment results indicate that the Turkey loss function based diffusion process can strengthen the conspicuous contour. Additionally, a Raita\'s criterion-based method, solving the automatic diffusion threshold, is proposed to automatically set the threshold in diffusion decomposition.

针对基于梯度参数和局域方差系数的扩散在对SAR图像进行分解时存在的缺陷，提出了一种局域方差系数与窗口幅度均值积的扩散系数，该系数能够更有效地实现潜在目标区域和背景区域的区分；在此基础上，根据鲁棒估计与非线性扩散的联系，引入扩散效果更好的Turkey损失函数作为图像分解中的扩散函数，并结合局域方差系数与窗口幅度均值积的扩散参数来提取图像的轮廓，结果表明：基于Turkey损失函数的扩散过程对特征突出的边缘所起的&强化作用&更加明显；此外，针对扩散分解中的阈值确定问题，提出了一种基于拉依达准则的扩散阈值自动求解方法，实现了扩散阈值的自动求解。

The purpose of this dissertation lies in perfecting relative laws of administration of medical waste,according to the lawmaking and law system of foreign countries.meanwhile,the notion is provided to consummate relative law system and achieve the purpose of holding in the administration of medical waste,environment protect and human health.this dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.simultaneously it provides legal basis and policy support for the administration to disposal of medical waste.the problem of the administration of medical waste enlarges the difficulties of disposal process.to perfect lawmaking,law-executing,law-supervising.is advantageous to strengthen the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.meanwhile it has theoretic meaning and application value for environment safety and human health.this dissertation is totally divided into four parts.the first part explains the current condition of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country,which introduces the concept of medical waste,the harm of medical waste,the necessity of administration, current lawmaking condition and present law system of the medical waste.the second part introduces the general situation of lawmaking concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste of the united states,eu,japan and korea.simultaneously it explains the apocalypse of administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the third part points out the existent law problem of the administration to disposal of medical waste,including lawmaking problem,law enforcement problem and law system problem.the fourth part aims at the relative suggestions to the existent law problems of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the suggestions want to raise lawmaking layer,perfect lawmaking contents,strengthens law enforcement,practice the law system of the manufacturer to be responsible for the medical waste.meanwhile,it gives the advice on the punishment-compensation system,the conduct permit system and the risk fund system.

本论文研究的目的在于借鉴国外有关医疗废物在立法、执法、法律制度等方面的经验，完善适合我国医疗废物管理的相关法律，提出我国有关医疗废物管理的立法构想，完善各项相关的法律制度，以达到规范医疗废物管理、保护环境、保护人类健康的目的。本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。同时可以为我国医疗废物管理工作提供法理依据和决策支持。我国医疗废物管理体制的问题加大了医疗废物治理的难度，立法、执法、监督等方面的完善有利于加强对我国医疗废物的管理；在保障可持续发展的环境安全和人类健康领域也具有理论意义和应用价值。本文共分为四个部分，第一部分说明了我国目前医疗废物管理的现状，介绍了医疗废物的概念、危害、进行管理的必要性、当前我国医疗废物的立法现状和法律制度现状。第二部分介绍了美国、欧盟、日本、韩国关于医疗废物管理的立法概况及对我国医疗废物管理的启示。第三部分指出了我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题，包括立法问题、执法问题和法律制度问题。第四部分针对我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题提出了相应的建议。建议要提高立法层次、完善立法内容、加强执法力度、实行生产者负责分类回收的法律制度、集中处置法律制度、惩罚性赔偿制度、经营许可证制度、环境责任保险制度和风险基金制度。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

A numerical calculation program is written up for the various solution methods in this paper and the program is being used in various aspects of inverse problem of environmental hydraulics, including inverse problem in reverse process of one-dimensional unstable diffusion, inverse problem in reverse process of convection-diffusion, inverse problem for the dispersion coefficient in water quality model, The inverse problem of coefficient identification for nonlinear Boussinesq equation, parameter identification inverse problem for water quality model, the inversion of parameter of BOD-DO water model, the inverse problem of the source of convection-diffusion, identification of the steady-state permeability for two dimensional isotropic medium, two-dimensional steady inverse problem of convection-diffusion and parameter identification inverse problem for two-dimensional parabolic equation, etc.

对本文提出的各种算法，编制了数值计算程序，并把它应用于环境水力学反问题诸多领域，包括污染物一维非恒定扩散逆过程反问题，对流扩散方程逆过程反问题，河流水质纵向弥散系数反问题，非线性Boussinesq方程反问题，河流水质多参数识别反问题，BOD-DO水质模型参数反演问题，对流—扩散方程源项反问题及二维恒定各向同性介质渗透系数反问题，二维定常对流——扩散方程及二维抛物型方程参数控制反问题等。

Diffusion problem of a predator-prey model with Holling typeⅡfunctional capturing function is studied. Stability condition is obtained when diffusion is absent, and the effect on stability of positive equilibrium is studied when diffusion is present. In the end, the problem of existence of limit cycle is proved in the first quadrant when diffusion is absent.

针对一类具有HollingⅡ型功能捕获函数的捕食－食饵模型的扩散问题进行了研究，得到了无扩散时正平衡点的稳定条件，以及扩散存在时对正平衡点稳定性产生的影响，最后证明了无扩散时系统在第一象限存在极限环的问题。

Assuming infinite diffusion medium, based on the diffusion equation for prestressed concrete structure, and accounting for the effects of concrete chloride binding capacity, time dependence of diffusion coefficients, temperature and moisture, models of chloride diffusion in two-dimensional infinite body with both power function and constant homogeneous boundary conditions were formulated.

针对无限大的扩散介质，以综合考虑氯离子结合能力、氯离子扩散系数的时间依赖性和环境温湿度影响的实际预应力混凝土氯离子方程为基础，分别在常数和幂函数边界条件下，推导出二维氯离子扩散理论的齐次模型。

In this paper,two nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering methods are presented and they are based on the multispectral anisotropic diffusion models proposed by Pope and Acton.We build a couple of new diffusion coefficients in partial derivative equation based on Tukey's biweight estimator error norm by recurring to the relationship between robust statistics and anisotropic diffusion incorporated with the nonlinear time-dependent cooling technique for gradient threshold.

在Pope和Acton提出的两个多光谱图像各向异性扩散滤波模型的基础上，通过各向异性扩散和稳健统计学的联系，建立了基于B iwe ight Estim ator误差模型的扩散系数，同时利用非线性退化技术对梯度阈值的改进，提出了两个基于各向异性扩散方程的非线性滤波方法。

Diffusion tensor imaging is a kind of new technique after diffusion weighted imaging.DTI can reflect anisotropy hydrone molecular diffusion features of damaged myeloid tissue through measuring apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy.Accordingly,we can make more precise and allround estimate about spinal compression on microscopic scale.

磁共振扩散张量成像是继扩散加权成像后发展起来的一种新技术，它通过测量表观扩散系数及部分各向异性值来反映损伤脊髓组织的各向异性水分子扩散特征，从而在微观水平对脊髓压迫症做出更精确和全面的评价。

Because China has not complete special package management law and regulation,this paper studies the law and regulations related to commodity package articles such as environmental protection law,temporary package resources recovery management method,clean production law,health food law,drug management law,solid waste pollution environment protection law,import and export commodity examination law,dangerous chemical commodity package and container fixed point production management law,rail commodity transpor...

鉴于我国目前尚无完整专门的包装管理法规，就现行我国与商品包装有关的环境保护法，包装资源回收利用暂行管理办法，清洁生产促进法，食品卫生法，药品管理法，固体废物污染环境防治法，进出口商品检验法，危险化学品包装物，容器定点生产管理办法，铁路货物运输规程等法规，研究指出了其与商品包装密切相关的条款。

We are forbidden from giving money to these shoeless, skinny children, as this will perpetuate begging.

向光着脚，骨瘦如柴的孩子施舍是不可以的，因为要招来无休无止的乞讨。

It would be hard not to fall victim to some sharpeyed policeman.

要想不被某个目光锐利的警察抓到，谈何容易。