查询词典 Chain Letter

The application of EC (E-Supply Chain) electronic supply chain based on the integration of Internet economy and supply chain have changed the stability and the incidence of supply chain, and also changed the sequential information transmission way of traditional supply chain, and provide the basis for the more dynamic and extensive networks relationship of supply chain, and consequently make many enterprises enter into the supply chain alliance with lower cost.

这种基于Internet的经济平台与供应链集成在一起的EC(E-Supply Chain)电子供应链的应用改变了供应链的稳定性和影响范围，也改变了传统的供应链上信息逐级传递的方式，为创建更为动态、广泛的供应链网络关系提供了基础，使许多企业能以较低的成本加入到供应链联盟中。

There are three types of chain store, regular chain, voluntary chain and franchise chain, and chain store has undertaken three periods-traditional chain, high speed development, and modern chain.

连锁经营先后出现了三种形式——正规连锁、自由连锁和特许连锁，经历了传统连锁、高速发展和现代连锁三个发展阶段。

The chain pharmaceutical stores could be realized through the union and merger among the enterprises to expand enterprise scale, as well as through the management across the regions and exploitation of rural markets, and the quantity of chain pharmaceutical stores could be increased in the way of set-up of regular chain pharmaceutical stores (company-owned chain pharmaceutical stores), franchised chain pharmaceutical stores and voluntary chain pharmaceutical stores to expand the scale of chain management.

连锁药店可以通过企业间的联合、兼并，壮大企业规模，还可以通过跨地区经营、开拓乡村市场，以设立正规连锁药店、特许加盟连锁药店、自由加盟连锁药店等三种方式，增加连锁门店的数量，扩大连锁经营的规模。

Finally, the Markov chain is introduced into the supply chain study based on the uncertainty of the supply chain and the willing of the supply chain enterprises to cooperate with each other. The methodology of supply chain operation cycle based on Markvo chain is presented. The operation model of multi- stage netlike supply chain is established. The application of this model is indicated by analysis of concrete casestudy.

最后，针对供应链运作中的不确定性以及供应链企业间彼此合作的意愿，将马尔科夫链引入供应链研究中，提出了一种基于马尔科夫链的链式供应链运作周期的算法；在此基础上，构建了基于马尔柯夫链的多级网状供应链运作模型，并通过具体案例的分析求解对模型的应用做了说明。

Zipper varieties; PE folder chain, PP folder chain, EVA folder chain, buckle embossing folder chain, chain×·üfolder, double-track folder chain, stationery folder BAG chain, clothing zipper bag, plastic zipper first, all kinds of zippers and zipper bag packaging equipment and plastic molds.

拉链品种；PE夹链，PP夹链，EVA夹链，凹凸扣夹链，自封袋夹链，双轨夹链，文具袋夹链，服装袋拉链，塑胶拉链头，各种包装袋拉链及拉链机设备和塑胶模具。

After sum-up strategic cost management and performance theory, systemic expatiate the relationship of value chain and strategic cost management along with performance evalution, conformity inside value chain,opponent value chain and domain value chain, draw the outline of whole value matrix,which point out the value chain is the base of strategic cost management, and put forward strategic cost management performance evaluation step is identify value activity,make certain value chain, pick-up the evaluation index on the value chain, exercise synthesis evaluation method to appraisement.

本文首先对国内外战略成本管理和绩效评价理论进行理论综述，在总结战略成本管理和绩效评价代表理论的基础上，系统的阐述价值链与战略成本管理及其绩效评价的关系，整合内部价值链、竞争对手价值链和产业价值链，勾勒出整合的价值链系统图，并在此基础上指出价值链是战略成本管理绩效评价的基础，并进一步提出价值链的界定、根据价值链提取评价指标、采用综合评价方法进行评价的战略成本管理绩效评价的步骤。

This paper argues Japanese letter has undergone these stages that are using Chinese letter, absorbing Chinese letter, writing special Japanese letter by using Chinese letter, writing Chinese letter by using Japanese language, Wan Ye cryptonym, Ping Pian cryptonym, and complex type of writing .

如果说一个民族的文明史是从使用文字进行社会交往和文化承传开始的话，那么可以认为，日本文明的历史从它起始之初便与中国文明结下了不解之缘。日本民族与世界上其它民族一样，很早就有自己的口头语言日语中谓之"大和言蕖"

Letter of Credit transaction follows two basic principles: absolute nonobjective and strict compliance principles, this two principles is the main reason for causing Letter of Credit cheating; much profits makes many speculators to do Letter of Credit cheating; and because the bank's negotiation documents have not stable forms, the banes can forge them; it increases the possibilities of Letter of Credit cheating to have many middleman as well as large usage of transferable Letter of Credit; it is one of the reasons for Letter of Credit cheating occurred that the foreign traders have lower quality and the cheated persons have lower sense of precaution.

信用证交易遵循两大基本原则：独立抽象性原则和严格相符原则，这两个原则是造成信用证欺诈的主要原因；暴利驱使大量的投机商从事信用证欺诈活动；作为银行付款凭证的单据，目前并无统一固定的格式，均可进行伪造；国际贸易中中间商的大量存在和可转让信用证的大量使用，增加了欺诈的可能性；从事国际贸易的业务人员素质低和被欺诈人防范意识差、知识缺乏也是信用证欺诈屡屡得手的原因之一。

The plans of the industrial chains for Zhenhai chemical park which represents the mode of individual entity symbiosis in China and for ZJC group company which represents the mode of comprehensive entity symbiosis in China have been studied in this dissertation.The whole industrial chain and branch chains of circular economy have been planned for Zhenhai chemical park. The branch chains consist of ethane chain, C_1 chain, HC1 chain, H_2chain, NH3 chain and S chain. The concept of equivalent pollutant emission, E?

本文对镇海化学工业区的工业链构建进行了可行性分析；完成了园区工业链的整体规划设计，和包括乙烯工业链、碳一工业链、HCl工业链、H_2工业链、NH_3工业链、S元素工业链在内的6条分链的设计；提出了污染排放当量E_t′的概念，并将其应用到园区工业链招商的初评，制定了入园参考线；本文在对ZJC集团公司发展现状分析的基础上，根据其物质流和能量流的分析，进行了工业链的总体设计，并对氟化工产业、基础化工产业(包括以合成氨为代表的煤化工、以氯碱生产为代表的盐化工以及硫酸、电石等产业)和石油精细化工产业完成了分链设计，进行了分链的分析，提出了建议。

The method involves exposing the cells to a compound having the formula I in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a spacer having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent R4 is H or halogen or CH2O-R3; and R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are either hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl groups or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl groups optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2 or R3 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, or to a compound having the formula II in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a space having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent, R5 is alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl group or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl group optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that R5 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated.

该方法包括使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R4是H或者卤素或者CH2O－R3；R1、R2和R3是相同的或者不同的并且是氢、甲基、乙基、烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是来源于具有等于3―24个碳原子的碳链长的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的酰基，其条件是R1、R2或者R3的至少一个包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团，或者使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R5是烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是具有等于3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的链长的酰基，其条件是R5包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团。

There had been a moment during the breakfast meeting, though, after the backslapping and the small talk and when all of us were seated, with Vice President Cheney eating his eggs Benedict impassively and Karl Rove at the far end of the table discreetly checking his BlackBerry, that I witnessed a different side of the man.

那次早餐会期间，在表示过关心和寒暄以后，我们所有人坐了下来，我注意观察了一下，副总统切尼面无表情地吃着班尼迪克蛋（Eggs benedict，源自美国，以英式松饼、火腿、水煮蛋以及荷兰酱组合而成），卡尔。罗夫在餐桌的远端谨慎地经常查看他的黑莓手机，我目睹了他所不为人知的一面。

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