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Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of epitympanum approach tympanotomy in treating traumatic ossicular chain disruption.
目的：评估完壁式上鼓室进路鼓室探查术治疗外伤性听骨链中断的临床疗效。方法：10例颞骨骨折和耳外伤而鼓膜完整的患者，颞骨CT轴位示锤砧关节不规整，冠状位示砧镫关节不连续。
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Results CTVE could clearly demonstrate the shape,size,and relation of the normal auditory ossicular chain.A visualization rate of malleus,incus,and incudomalleal articulation was 100%,and was 32% for the stapedial footplate.However,in only 21% could the anterior and posterior crura of stapes be distinguished.Cholesteatoma was found in 12 cases with chronic otitis media,in which CTVE demonstrated varying degrees of destruction of the auditory ossicle.In 1 case with congenital anomaly,ossicle dysplasia was seen.
结果 CTVE能清楚显示正常听骨链的形态、大小及相互关系，锤骨、砧骨及锤砧关节的显示率为100%(38/38)，镫骨底板的显示率为32%(12/38)，只有21%(8/38)可以分辨镫骨的前、后脚；18例中耳炎患者中12例胆脂瘤形成，CTVE上有不同程度的听小骨破坏。1例中耳畸形显示听骨链发育异常。
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Results: Both MIP and SSD 3D images could direct display the shape, size and correlation of malleus and incus, the incus-stapedial joint was like"L-shape" structure, but it was difficult to exhibit the footplate, anterior and posterior crura of stepes.Cholesteatomas was found in 12 cases with chronic otitis media, that 3D images exhibited varying degrees of destruction of the auditory ossides, and the display ability of SSD 3D image was slightly better than that of MIP 3D image.
结果：MIP和SSD 3D重建都能直观地观察锤、砧骨的形态、大小及相互关系，砧镫关节呈"L"形，镫骨前后脚及底板显示欠佳。18例中耳炎患者中12例胆脂瘤形成，3D重建显示有不同程度的听小骨破坏，SSD 3D的显示效果略好于MIP 3D。
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The SSD of ossicles showed the malleus, incus, stapes, malleoincudial joint, and incuostapedial joint clearly.
结果 高分辨率CT清晰地显示了耳部微小病灶，明确了病变范围与周围结构的关系，听小骨的SSD对锤骨、砧骨、橙骨、锤砧关节、砧镫关节的显示有着极高的逼真性，颞骨矢状斜位极好地显示了面神经的破坏部位，为临床制定手术方案提供了有力的影像学依据。
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Results: Through the facial recess approach, the pyramidal eminence .canal of facial nerve, incudostapedial joint, base of stapes, cochleariform process .round window niche and promontorium tympani were all visible from different directions.
结果：经面神经隐窝入路从不同的角度可清楚地看到锥隆起、面神经管凸、砧镫关节、镫骨底板、匙突、圆窗龛及鼓岬等主要结构。
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Ten patients with temporal bone fracture and trauma of ear,whose CT scan of temporal bone showed that Malleoincudal joint irregular shape in the axial view and incudostapedial joint dislocation in the coronal view,were included in this study,Virtual endoscopy showed Malleoincudal joint separation,incudostapedial joint dislocation and interruption,ossicular chain disruptio...
虚拟耳镜示锤砧关节分离，砧镫关节脱位，听骨链中断。手术经颞线下开放上鼓室，保留完整的外耳道后上壁，充分暴露上、后鼓室和听骨链，检查并行听骨链成形术。结果：砧骨长脚骨折1耳，将砧骨改型后行锤-镫连接术；锤砧和砧镫关节脱位6耳，砧骨完全脱落3耳，行砧骨复位双关节固定术。10耳均行上鼓室进路鼓室探查术，术后语频听力平均提高25~50dB。结论：完壁式上鼓室进路鼓室探查术治疗外伤性听骨链中断疗效满意。
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Results: Both MIP and SSD 3D images could direct display the shape, size and correlation of malleus and incus, the incus-stapedial joint was like"L-shape" structure, but it was difficult to exhibit the footplate, anterior and posterior crura of stepes.Cholesteatomas was found in 12 cases with chronic otitis media, that 3D images exhibited varying degrees of destruction of the auditory ossides, and the display ability of SSD 3D image was slightly better than that of MIP 3D image.
结果：MIP和SSD 3D重建都能直观地观察锤、砧骨的形态、大小及相互关系，砧镫关节呈&L&形，镫骨前后脚及底板显示欠佳。18例中耳炎患者中12例胆脂瘤形成，3D重建显示有不同程度的听小骨破坏，SSD 3D的显示效果略好于MIP 3D。
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The acoustic-structural coupled finite element analysis among the ear canal, middle ear ossicles and inner ear fluid is conducted and employed to predict the effects of ear canal, incudostapeblial joint and cochlear fluid on sound transmission mechanics.
利用模型进行了外耳、中耳和内耳的声固耦合分析，研究了外耳道、镫砧关节和内耳液体对传声机制的影响。
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columella auris：耳柱骨
因为呈马镫状而有此名. 在镫骨的底部紧贴内耳的前庭窗,在其对侧以镫骨小头与砧骨之间形成砧镫关节(incudostapedial articulation). 另外在小头上从鼓室壁起始的镫骨肌终止于此. 镫骨与蜴形类的耳柱骨(columella auris)相同,来源于鱼类的舌颚骨.