小管

基本解释 (translations)

canaliculus  ·  pipes  ·  tubule  ·  canaliculi  ·  tubelet  ·  tubulus  ·  vascula

与小管相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

SEM result showed that the sample had uniform phase distribution and smooth surface at dried state as well as interpenetrate network structure at hydrogel state. It was seen from the swell ing behavior curves that groups T1, T2 and T3 swelled rapidly within 10-30 minutes, and formed elastic composite hydrogel pipes. In addition, the expanding ratio of inner and outer diameter of the tube was 20%-30% and 100%-120% with swell ing, respectively. The equil ibrium water content of the hydrogel pipes increased with increase of collagen composition. Three groups of samples were immerged in PBS solution contained 2 mg/mL lysozyme at 37 for 1 month, their nozzle cracked, their wall became thin and more transparent. And also, there was small floc deposited on the tube surface.

扫描电镜观察到液氮脆断的人工泪小管内部成分分布均匀，内外壁表面平整，冷冻干燥的人工泪小管断口呈凝胶态的互穿网络结构。3 组不同成分的人工泪小管在PBS 溶液中浸泡30 min 后均快速吸水溶胀，外径扩大100%～ 120%，内径扩大20%～ 30%，并且随胶原含量增高，溶胀速度增快，平衡溶胀率增大。3 组人工泪小管在37℃含2 mg/mL 溶菌酶的PBS 液中浸泡1 个月后，表面有部分细小絮状物，管口开裂，管壁变薄，透明度增加。

The kidney is composed of renal corpuscle , neck segment , proximal tubule, middle segment, distal tubule and collecting tubule.

肾脏由肾小体、颈段、近曲小管、中间段、远曲小管和收集管6部分构成，肾小体由肾小球和肾小囊组成，在肾小体附近可见致密斑样结构，未见髓袢结构。

BACKGROUND: According to traditional theory of the recovery after acutetubular necrosis, reconstruction of renal tubule is dependent on residual epithelialcells next to the necrosis region. Undergoing the process of dedifferentiation,proliferation and redifferentiation, these cells can reestablish the injured tubule and itsfunction.

背景：传统的急性肾小管坏死修复理论认为，肾小管的重建依赖于坏死区周围存活的肾小管上皮细胞，这些细胞经过去分化、增殖和分化成熟等过程修复坏死的肾小管，重建其组织结构和功能。

TGF-β1 was mainly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells, and there was no differece between proximal tubule and distant tubule. The expression of TGF-β1 was also increased with the development of tubulointerstitial lesions.

TGF-β1的表达亦主要见于肾小管上皮细胞，在近曲小管和远曲小管之间无明显的差异，TGF-β1的表达量也随着肾小管间质损害程度的加重而增加。

In small intestine, AKP activity was mainly distributed over four areas of epithelial cells: cytomembrane, cytoplasm, microvillus and the carbohydrate-riched cell coat. In liver, it was mainly located in canaliculi. In kidney, it mainly existed in such zones as brush border and memebrane of epithelial cells of proximal tubule, and cracks between kinds of tubules.

AKP活性在小肠主要分布在小肠绒毛上皮细胞的细胞膜、细胞浆、微绒毛和微绒毛表面的糖衣上，在肝主要分布在胆小管，在肾主要分布在皮质肾小管，尤以近曲小管的刷状缘、近曲小管上皮细胞膜和各种管状结构之间的腔隙内分布较多。

Theurinary IL-6 level positively correlated with density of glomerular matrix membrane, global sclerosis, fiber or fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis (p. 05). According to the degree of density of glomerular matrix membrane and interstitial fibrosis, urinary Col-IV level had better correlation than urinary TGF-betal and IL-6 levels.In IgAN, Col-IV showed increased expression in diseased renal tissue whereas the site of expression of TGF-betal was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Interstial expressionwas also present but glomerular TGF-betal expression was found only in patients with heavy mesangial proliferation. There was a significant correlation between glomerular positivity for Col-IV and severity of histological damage. There was also a significant correlation between positivity for TGF-betal and Col-IV in the tubular epithelial and interstitial lesions. In contrast, there was no ralationship between glomerular positivity for TGF-betal and severity of histological damage.The urinary TGF-betal level paralleled tubular TGF-betal expression.

结果 ①IgAN患者尿TGF-β1、IL-6、Col-Ⅳ水平较健康人明显增高(P＜0.01)，该变化与血中的浓度无关(P＞0.05)；②尿TGF-β1水平与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P=0.000)，而与小球TGF-β1阳性表达无关(P＞0.05)，尿Col-Ⅳ水平与小球和小管间质Col-Ⅳ阳性表达均呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，还与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.05)：③小球Col-Ⅳ阳性表达与肾组织慢性病变密切相关(P＜0.05)，小管间质Col-Ⅳ和TGF-β1阳性表达均与肾小管间质病变呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，而小球TGF-β1阳性表达与肾组织损伤无关(P＞0.05)；④尿TGF-β1、Col-Ⅳ水平与肾小球基质基底膜面密度、小管间质病变呈正相关(P＜0.01)，与小球内细胞数呈负相关(P＜0.05)，该结果与其在组织中的表达一致；尿IL-6水平浙江大学硕士学位论文尿TGF一B一、IL一6和Col一IV在IgA肾病中的应用价值与基质基底膜面密度、球性硬化、纤维或细胞纤维新月体所占肾小球百分数及小管间质病变均有显著的相关性(F.05)；在轻度肾病理损伤时，尿'l'G卜pl、I卜6、Col一IV水平即升高，而尿Col一W在反映细胞外基质积聚和间质纤维化程度上比尿TGF一pl和IL一6有更好的相关性。

There is a significantly difference between the tubular widthes of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermic patients. The large number of intratubular germ cells within those tubules with active spermatogenesis cause those tubules to be larger than tubules without sperm production.

而藉由测量细精小管，我们得知造精功能受损患者的细精小管管径明显地较具正常造精功能的细精小管细，原因为造精作用活跃的细精小管内生殖细胞较多，因而造成有精子生成的细精小管管径明显的较没有精子生成的细精小管粗。

The expressions of VEGF mRNA in renal cortex in B and group C increased greatly compared with A group at 8th week(P.01), And the expression was decreased more in C group than that in B group at the 8th week;④The light microscopes results showed that no pathological changes in group A; pathological changes were much obvious in group B:glomerular capillary lumen tumbling,lumens blocked,mesangial region widened,basal lamina thicking,mesenterium base inceased,the volume of glomerulus become large,cell population increased,renal tubule vacuolization, renal interstitium was infiltrated by lots of lymphocyte and mononuclear macrophage; pathological changes in group C was light,only see glomerular capillary lumen lightly stegnosis,few lymphocyte infiltrating.

免疫组化结果显示第8周B组大鼠肾皮质VEGF蛋白含量较A组显著增加(P.01)，C组VEGF含量较B组有明显减少(P.01)，C组较A组表达量仍然增加(P.01)；③第8周B组肾皮质VEGF mRNA表达较A组有明显上调(P.01)，与B组相比，辛伐他汀可以明显减少C组肾皮质VEGF mRNA表达；④光学显微镜下A组肾小球毛细血管腔均匀一致，无狭窄，肾小管-间质无炎症细胞浸润。B组则病变较明显：大鼠肾小球毛细血管袢塌陷，管腔闭塞，系膜区增宽，基膜增厚和系膜基质增多，肾小球体积增大，出现玻璃样变；肾小管尤其是近区小管肿胀、变性、空泡形成，肾间质可见大量淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞浸润。C组病变较轻，可见肾小球毛细血管管腔轻度狭窄，肾小管-间质见少量淋巴细胞浸润。

Results: in contrast with model group, SSM can (1) increase the survival rate of ARF in rats, cut down Scr and BUN at 24hr, improve renal function, slightly surpass Vp in its therapeutic effect;(2) mitigate the extent of renal pathologicchanges, decrease the numbers of renal tubule necroses and casts;(3) protect renal ultrastructure such as microvilli, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of TEC, podocytic process of glomerulus epithelial cell,endothelial cell etc, better than Vp;(4) enhance SOD activity, lower MDA contents in renal cortex;(5) enhance NO contents in serum, reduce ET levels in plasma;(6) evidently cut down TNF- a contents in serum, superior to Vp;(7) antagonize calcium overload in TEC;(8) alleviate renal pathological changes in ARF metaphase (at 3d), advance regeneration and recovery of TEC, restore renal structure in ARF convalescence (at 5d), and better than Vp;(9) increase the expression of TEC PCNA and prepro EGFmRNA in ARF metaphase.

结果：与模型组相比，SSM能(1)提高ARF大鼠的存活率，降低24hr时Scr及BUN，改善肾功能，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(2)减轻ARF肾脏病变程度，减少24hr肾小管坏死数及管腔内管型数；(3)对肾脏的超微结构如肾小管上皮细胞微绒毛、线粒体、内质网、肾小球上皮细胞足突、内皮细胞等形态结构均有一定的保护作用，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(4)提高肾皮质SOD活性，降低MDA含量；(5)提高血清NO水平，同时降低血浆ET含量；(6)显著降低血清TNF-α的水平，疗效明显优于维拉帕米；(7)拮抗小管上皮细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i的升高；(8)使ARF中期(第3d时)肾组织病变较同期其它两组明显减轻，并使肾小管细胞再生修复提前，至ARF恢复期(第5d时)肾组织结构恢复重建良好；作用明显优于维拉帕米；(9)促进ARF中期肾小管上皮细胞PCNA的表达及EGF前体mRNA的合成，从而增加EGF的合成释放，而维拉帕米无此作用。

Histologically, the seminiferous tubules contained numerous Sertoli cells and more Sertoli-spermatozoa complexes, accompanied by the depletion of Leydig cells with deeply stained nuclei. Mature spermatozoa were stored up in the epididymis, but only a few in the efferent ducts. In the second place was testicular atrophy（32/120; 26.7%）. The seminiferous tubules showed moderate to severe inactivity of spermiogenesis with evidence of only spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells were obviously decreased in numbers associated with decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. Testicular hypoplasia was the third disorders（22/120; 18.3%）. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells appeared without any spermiogenesis. The associated changes was decreased in Leydig cells and fibrous hyperplasia in the interstitium.Epididymal stones were sometimes found（12/120; 10%）. Grossly, yellowish-white nodules with various sizes and firm in consistency were observed in the epididymis and the front efferent ducts. Microscopically, the epididymal ducts were dilated with voluminous spermatozoa storage, even showed calcification in severe cases. The deposited calcium salts were stained positively by Von Kossa and Alizarin red methods.Amyloidosis was also detected in 10 roosters（8.3%）. Eosinophilic, homogeneous, amyloid-like substances were deposited mainly in the testicular interstitium and the periphery of blood vessels. These substances showed positive reaction by Congo red staining. Five roosters（4.2%）had Marek's lesions in the testis, epididymis and peripheral nerves with infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes. Only one case showed epithelial necrosis of seminiferous tubules accompanied by fibrous proliferation in the interstitium.

结果发现，在总共搜集的120个病例中，其中因年老所导致的产精力不佳为最多，占38例（31.7%），於镜下可见大量精虫黏附於Sertoli cell的表面，并可见Sertoli cell数量明显增多而Leydig cell明显减少，且其细胞核呈现浓染的现象，而在其副睪中仍可见到成熟精虫蓄留於管腔中，但在其输精管内却只有少量精虫存在；其次为睪丸萎缩，占32例（26.7%），镜下可见中度至重度无造精作用，其生精小管中只见到精母细胞、精原细胞及Sertoli cell存在，但Leydig cell数量明显减少且其细胞质内的脂质也明显减少；睪丸发育不全，占22例（18.3%），於生精小管内只见到精母细胞及少量Sertoli cell存在，不见造精细胞分化，於生精小管间质可见Leydig cell减少并伴随结缔组织增生；副睪结石，占12例（10%），肉眼下可在副睪及输精管前段见到黄白色大小不一的结节，触感坚硬，於镜下可见副睪管扩张并有大量成熟精虫蓄积，严重时可见钙化现象，以Von Kossa及茜素红染色均呈阳性反应；类淀粉沉著症，占10例（8.3%），镜下在睪丸间质及血管周围可见粉红均质样的物质沉积，以刚果红染色成阳性反应；马立克病，占5例（4.2%），镜下可在睪丸、副睪实质及周边神经内均可见到嗜碱性大小不一的淋巴样细胞浸润；睪丸坏死，占1例（0.8%），镜下可见生精小管上皮细胞坏死脱落及间质结缔组织增生。

与小管相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

bone canaliculus：骨小管

突起形成的腔隙称为骨小管(bone canaliculus). 骨细胞的突起延长,相邻骨细胞的突起以缝隙连接相连,骨小管则彼此相通. 骨陷窝和骨小管内含少量组织液,可营养骨细胞关输送代谢产物(图4-7). 骨细胞具有一定的溶骨和成骨作用,参与调节钙和磷的平衡.

canaliculus intubation：泪小管插管术

canaliculotomy 泪小管切开术 | canaliculus intubation 泪小管插管术 | repair of laceration of canaliculus 泪小管撕裂修复术

tubular proteinuria：肾小管性蛋白尿

2.肾小管性蛋白尿(tubular proteinuria)是由于肾小管对滤出蛋白的回吸收障碍所致. 见于肾小管间质病变、肾盂肾炎、先天性肾小管病、低钾肾病等. 此类蛋白尿的特点为尿蛋白总量通常较少,一般<1g/d;且仅含少量白蛋白,

seminiferous tubule：精小管

生精小管(seminiferous tubule)是一条细长的(成人直径150~250μm,长约30~70cm)管道,在小叶内高度蟠曲,是产生精子的场所. 每个小叶内的生精小管向纵隔方向汇集,与直精小管相连. 生精小管的上皮由特殊的生精上皮组成,上皮外有基膜.

tubule：细管,小管

83 管 tubul | tubule 细管,小管 | tubulus 细管,小管

renal tubule：肾小管

2.肾小管 肾小管(renal tubule)是由单层上皮细胞围成的小管,上皮外方为基膜及少量结缔组织. 肾小管分为近端小管、细段和远端小管三部分,近端小管与肾小囊相连,远端小管连接集合小管. 肾小管有重吸收原尿中的某些成分和排泌等作用.

Dentinal tubule：牙本质小管

(一)牙本质小管(dentinal tubule)为贯穿于牙本质全层的管状空间,充满了组织液和一定量的成牙本质细胞突起. 呈放射状排列,在牙尖和根尖部小管较直,颈部弯曲呈"~"形,近牙髓端的凸弯向着根尖方向限制板(lamina limitans)牙本质小管的内壁衬有一层薄的有机膜,

mesonephric tubule：中肾小管

继前肾之后,位于第14~28体节外侧的中肾嵴内,从头至尾相继发生许多横行小管,称中肾小管(mesonephric tubule). 两侧中肾小管共约80对,每个体节相应位置有2~3条. 中肾小管呈"S"形弯曲,其内侧端膨大并凹陷成肾小囊,内有从背主动脉分支而来的毛细血管球,

tubulus：细管,小管

tubule 细管,小管 | tubulus 细管,小管 | tubular 管状的

uriniferous tubule：泌尿小管

肾实质由许多迂曲的泌尿小管(uriniferoUs tubule)构成,其间有血管和少量结缔组织. 泌尿小管包括肾单位和集合小管两部分. 肾单位起始部为膨大的小球,称肾小体,与肾小体相连的一条长而弯曲(30-40mm)的管道称肾小管. 根据结构和功能的不同,