divide into two halves
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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.
本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法,研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami,RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ,GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum,NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis,DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP,5μg),注射当天睡眠时间略有减少,第二日睡眠时间显著减少,觉醒时间明显增多,第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加,觉醒时间减少;而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid, L-Glu, 0.2μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline,BIC,1.0μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen,BAC,1.0μg)后,产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg,0.5μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间略有减少,但无显著性意义;而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP,0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间,缩短睡眠时间;微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine,L-NNA,2.0μg)后,引起睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用;RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后,与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠,其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate,MOR,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加; RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride,NAL,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少;RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB,1.0μg)后,与NS组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 0.2μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多;大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide, MS, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine,PCPA,10μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少;大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg),产生睡眠增多效应后,在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan , 5-HTP, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多。
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Part two Part two Okay lets do this here again in front of all of your friends I need a little room but dont go Cant be too far youre the star of my show And you dont need a mike to move the crowd Dont need a spotlight you smile, They wanna see the love we sold out I bet when its over, they go wow They know what it is, what it is Hard to end up with a couple of kids When they say, and the winner is They gonna be calling our card for the love again Give them what they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two, part two The winners you this year,again A round of applause from all of them They try to memorise your lines I know you by heart, coz youre mine You dont need a crowd to do the show Dont even need the script coz you know That even when the lights go out The show must go on So I Give them what they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two Its like a replay love Cut off that he she say love Turn up that make me stay love Its all that i want Somebody show your love Somebody out there want your love They stay through all of part one I know what they want, what they want Give them what they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two What they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two They want the love part two They want the love part two Baby,They want the love part two They want the love part two Love part two They want the love part two They want the love part two
第二部分第二部分这样好让这里的所有朋友面前再次我需要一个小房间但是dont去也不容过于youre我的一颗明星和你不需要一麦克风移动人群 dont需要聚光灯你微笑,他们希望看到我们的爱售罄我敢打赌,当它结束了,他们走哇他们知道它是什么,它是什么很难最终形成了两个孩子当他们说,获奖者是他们gonna是要求我们的爱再次卡给他们他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分,第二部分优胜者你今年再次来自所有这些全面的掌声他们试图记住您的线路我知道你的心,我的堂妹youre 你不需要人群做节目 Dont甚至需要脚本堂妹你知道这甚至当灯熄灭该比赛必须继续进行因此,我给他们他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分它像一个重放的爱切断她说,他爱打开了,使我留下的爱它的一切,我希望有人展示你的爱有人在那里要你的爱他们通过各种逗留第一部分我知道他们想要什么,他们想要的东西给他们他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分婴儿,他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分
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Divides according to the season, may divide into spring the radish and the fall radish; May divide into the large, medium and small three types according to the root size; Divides according to radish's color may divide into the turnip, the blue radish and the carrot.
按季节来分,可分为春萝卜和秋萝卜;按根的大小可分为大、中、小三类型;按萝卜的颜色来分又可分为白萝卜、青萝卜和红萝卜。
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divide ...into halves/in half:把. . . . . . 分成两部分
divide...into...把. . . . . 分成. . . . . . | divide ...into halves/in half把. . . . . . 分成两部分 | divide A from B将两者分隔开
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把...分成/divide up 分配:divide...into
13. feel down 感到闷闷不乐 | 14. divide...into...把...分成/divide up 分配 | 15. take/run the risk of doing sth.冒...得危险
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divide by:用...除(尽) 因...分裂
divide and rule 分而治之 | divide by 用...除(尽) 因...分裂 | divide from 把...分开