长子继承权

In personal estates the father may succeed to his children; in landed property he never can be their immediate heir, by any the remotest possibility: in general only the eldest son, in some places only the youngest, in others all the sons together, have a right to succeed to the inheritance: in real estates males are preferred to females, and the eldest male will usually exclude the rest; in the division of personal estates, the females of equal degree are admitted together with the males, and no right of primogeniture is allowed.

父亲可以转继给他的孩子；对于土地财产，他却不能成为他们的直接转继者，一点可能性也没有：一般的，只有最大的儿子拥有继承土地遗产的权利，有些地方只有最小的可以，其它的地方所有的儿子共同继承：对于真实的财产，女性偏向于让男性继承，最大的男性通常取得排他性的继承权；在个人财产的分割中，女性获得与男性同等的继承权，并不允许长子继承权。

The answer, I think, is, that European society decidedly retrograded during the dissolution of the Carlovingian empire.

但这里还有一个问题，为什么"长子继承权"会逐渐代替了其他一切继承原则？

The chieftainship of a Highland clan, for example, followed the order of Primogeniture.

例如，苏格兰高原部落的酋长职位是按照"长子继承权"的顺序继承的。

But the position of some of them, of the Celtic clans in particular, was sufficiently near independence within historical times to force on us the conviction that they were once separate imperia, and that Primogeniture regulated the succession to the chieftainship.

但是有一些部族、特别是凯尔特部族的地位从有史以来都近似独立，这使我们不得不深信它们过去曾一度是各别的政府，它的酋长职位是根据"长子继承权"而继承的。

The lord with his vassals, during the ninth and tenth centuries, may be considered as a patriarchal household, recruited, not as in the primitive times by Adoption, but by Infeudation; and to such a confederacy, succession by Primogeniture was a source of strength and durability.

在第九第十世纪时期，封建主连同其属臣大概都属于一个宗法家庭，这种家庭不是象原始时代那样用"收养"而是用"分封土地"的方法补充成员的；对这样一种结合，"长子继承权"继承方式是强力和持久的一种渊源。

He inherited his father by right of his primogeniture.

他凭着长子继承权，继承了他父亲的财产。

The British legal system of primogeniture and entail guaranteed that a family's landholdings would be wholly retained by its heirs.

一个家庭的土地所有权总是由它的后裔全部继承下来，这是由英国的立法"长子继承权"和"限制继承权"加以保障的。

In the social fabric which they determined to destroy, they saw Primogeniture resting chiefly on Family settlements, but they also perceived that Testaments were frequently employed to give the eldest son precisely the same preference which was reserved to him under the strictest of entails.

在他们决定要加以摧毁的社会组织中，他们看到"长子继承权"主要建筑在"家族"授产的基础上，但他们同时也注意到"遗命"在严格限嗣继承下常常被用来以为他保留的完全相同的优先权给予长子。

It spread over Europe with remarkable rapidity, the principal instrument of diffusion being Family Settlements, the Pactes de Famille of France and Haus-Gesetze of Germany, which universally stipulated that lands held by knightly service should descend to the eldest son.

长子继承权&于是就以惊人迅速的程度遍传到全欧各地，它传播的主要工具是&家族授产（Family Settlement，在法兰西称为Pactes de Famille，在日耳曼称为Haus Gesetze），它普遍规定凡是由于武功而占有的土地一概应传给长子。

The British legal system of primogeniture and entail guaranteed that a family's landholdings would be wholly retained by its heirs.

一个家庭的土地所有权总是由它的后裔全部继承下来，这是由英国的立法&长子继承权&和&限制继承权&加以保障的。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人