速率

The main conclusions are as following:(1) Befor the frozen depth reach to the maximum, the frozen depth of different treatments of groundwater, 0.6% of calcium nitrate, 0.6% of potasium sulphate and no irrigation are 132 cm, 130 cm, 129 cm and 108cm in sequence respectively.

得到的主要结论如下：(1)不同冬灌水质处理在冻深达到最大以前，采用地下水灌溉的处理最大冻深最大，为132cm，冻结速率最高，为1.16cm·d~(-1)；加入0.6%的硝酸钙的处理最大冻深次之，为130cm，冻结速率为1.13cm·d~(-1)；加入0.6%的硫酸钾的处理最大冻深排第三，为129cm，冻结速率为1.10cm·d~(-1)；自然条件下未灌溉处理的最大冻深第四为108cm，冻结速率为0.94cm·d~(-1)。

The waste combustion in the waste bed and the impacts of the waste burning efficiency are complex. In order to solve this problem, the method of numerical simulation has been adopted to simulate waste combustion, and calculate the mass loss rate, moisture evaporation, volatile release, char burning rate. Used the total flow rate of primary air between 50～1 000 Nm3/min to calculate the mass loss, excess air coefficient of waste bed, components of the gas. Calculated results show that the burning efficiency is higher when the total flow rate of primary air is at 517.47～632.09 Nm3/min .

针对垃圾焚烧炉床层内垃圾燃烧过程复杂性及影响垃圾燃烧效率因素多的问题，运用数值仿真方法对某垃圾焚烧炉床层垃圾燃烧进行了模拟，获得了垃圾质量流失速率、水分蒸发速率、挥发分释放速率、焦炭燃烧速率和烟气的温度；并在50～1 000 Nm3/min范围内改变一次风流量，获得了床层质量流失比值、过剩空气系数和烟气中各组分的质量百分比含量。

In order to get the principle of cell distribution in buffer, the local rate function is obtained, which can be expressed in detail with the help of DuBoisReymond equation and conditional integral. This gives us the system's rate function.

为了能够分析缓存器中分组信息变化的规律，论文首先给出了主干系统的本地速率函数，利用变量积分的DuBois-Reymond方程，给出了本地速率函数所满足的微分方程，在条件积分的约束下求得本地速率函数表达式，由此求得系统的速率函数。

Because of inappropriate operation between oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles of signalized intersections of urban areas in Taiwan the department of traffic ever offered corrigible opinions involve in right of way, center of intersections adjudging hard and indirectly encouraged to accelerate left-turn vehicles. But all still lack quantification analysis. Therefore, this problem is worth studying.This study will aim at safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections. So, this study will be based on row's theory, theory of traffic conflicts, and take many factors into consideration, such as the width of the intersections, types of the intersections, center of the intersections, the size of the vehicles, the location of the vehicles, the radius of turn, paths of operation, the speed of the vehicles, the types of collisions, the angle of road, and also deduce formulas of coordinate of paths. The main method used in this research is the simulation of different situations. By the method, the analytic model of safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections will be established, and this study will also subsume critical speed of conflict and expected number of times of safe passage. Finally involved rules of safe passage will be proffered.

鉴於台湾都市地区路口对向直行左转车辆常遭受对向车辆不当驾驶行为干扰，因而道路交通主管机关曾针对路口对向直行左转相关道路交通法规可能产生之对向直行左转路权判断不易、路口中心处不易区分、间接鼓励路口转弯车加速左转等问题提出检讨之修正意见，唯整体考量仍缺少〝量化〞分析，系一值得研究之课题，因此，本研究将针对号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行问题於法规层面上之特殊性，以交通冲突理论、路权理论为基础，并考量路口宽度、路口型式、路口中心处、车辆尺寸、转弯半径、运行轨迹、行驶速率、行车位置、最终碰撞型态、道路交角等因素，先行推导车辆行驶轨迹座标公式，再利用情境模拟分析法，进行号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行分析，分析过程中则纳入冲突临界速率与安全通行期望次数理念，并根据路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率集中分布范围之分析结果及相关理论，研拟号志化路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率，及对向直行左转车辆路权判断原则，以供驾驶者路口直行左转安全通行之参考。

According to the composition of elements of fuel,thermochemical forms,combustion heat,and time-dependent relations of oxygen concentration acquired during fullscale tunnel fire experiment,the formulae are given for calculating di- mensionless burning rate, released heat rate ,and ratio of medium decalescence.

根据燃料的元素构成、热化学反应式、反应物和生成物的焓变以及燃烧过程中监测到的烟气中氧气浓度随时间变化规律，提出了计算某一时刻燃料燃烧速率、释热速率和介质吸热率的关系式；通过实际规模的火灾试验，对其数据的计算表明，对木质类巷道火灾，最大比燃烧速率为0.193，最大释热速率约为1～3.5 MW，介质的吸热率为22

ABP. Sedimentation rate is very low on the whole core and shows three apparent variations at three phases:① A comparatively high SR during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS3) and LGM, about 7.3 and 14cm/ka respectively;② A very low SR of 1.5cm/ka during the last deglaciation, which is different from the deeper Okinawa Trough with higher SR during the last deglaciation than the last glaciation;③ A negligible sediment accumulation since 6.4 cal.

DOC-42孔沉积速率整体较低，呈明显的阶段性变化：在氧同位素3期和LGM期间沉积速率相对较大，分别为7.3和14cm/ka；末次冰消期以来的沉积速率则显著降低，与冲绳海槽冰后期沉积速率高于末次冰期明显不同；自约6.4 cal。

The model correctly predicted and explained the effect of cooling rate and warming rate on the intracellular ice formation during the cooling and warming process. The cooling and warming rate which can realize vitrification and avoid devitrification was gained. This is to say, when the cooling rate is not less than 400℃/min and the warming rate is not less than 500℃/min, intracellular ice formation can be avoided.

模型预测和解释了降温和复温过程中冷却速率和复温速率对胞内冰形成的影响，同时提出了成功实现脐带血干细胞玻璃化的降温速率和复温速率应不低于400℃／min和500℃／min的结论。

The results showed: 1 Alfalfas grown for different lengths of time had considerable influence on photosynthetic characteristics of which the most important was stomatal conductance followed by transpiration rate and the chlorophyll relative content. 2 Diurnal variation in Pn and Tr had two peaks, and an obvious midday depression. 3 The net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with photosynthetic radiation, stomatal conductance, the relative chlorophyll content, and transpiration rate. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration.

结果表明，1生长年限对苜蓿光合特性有较大的影响，对气孔导度的影响最大，其次是蒸腾速率和叶绿素相对含量。2苜蓿叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化均呈现&双峰&曲线，有明显的光合&午休&现象。3净光合速率与光合有效辐射、气孔导度、叶绿素相对含量呈极显著正相关，与蒸腾速率呈显著正相关，与田间CO2浓度呈极显著负相关。

Larches of different ages have different net photosynthetic rate: the photosynthetic capacity of the young ones are bigger than that of the old ones; the stand density do not affect the net photosynthetic rate obviously; as far as the different stand classes are concerned, the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate is closely related to the photosynthetic active radiation. For the different layers of the crowns, there are greater ecological factors (illumination intensity, temperature, humidity etc.) on the upper layers than on the lower layers: the CO2 concentration of the lower layers is greater than that of the upper layers, which is indeed an exception; the net photosynthetic rate on the upper layers of the crown is generally greater than that of the lower layers. It showed that the CO2 concentration is not a main factor in the natural changing range of the CO2 concentration. Different directions of the crown have different photosynthetic active radiation, which is generally like exposed to the sun﹥North﹥in the shade of crown. However, the changes of net photosynthetic rate are not quite the same, which is North﹥exposed to the sun﹥in the shade of crown.

不同年龄的兴安落叶松净光合速率不同，年龄小的个体光合能力高于年龄大的个体；群团密度与净光合速率没有显著的相关关系；而对不同分级木，净光合速率日进程变化规律与光合有效辐射有着密切的联系；林内树冠不同层次各生态因子有上层大于下层的趋势，而CO2浓度在下层的含量高于上层，净光合速率上层普遍大于下层，说明在林内自然CO2浓度变幅内，CO2浓度不是主要因子；兴安落叶松树冠不同方向的光合有效辐射不同，一般向阳﹥北向﹥背阴，而净光合速率变化有北向﹥向阳﹥背阴的趋势。

The method to configure RED parameters based on network properties is also presented. Simulations show that the modified Random Early Detection algorithm really performs better than the original Random Early Detection algorithm and can work for a much wider range of traffic. Finally, whether the assured service mechanisms i. e. an edge router tags every arriving packet of a TCP flow based service profile and core router drops packets differently at congestion using active queue management scheme is possible to provide a throughput consistent with target rate, is investigated under different network scenarios. Different factors including target rate tagged algorithm, RIO algorithm and TCP congestion control mechanism how to affect the throughput of an assured service TCP flow are examined. Based on a fluid model. we then derive a model of an assured service TCP flow, which is the function of round trip delay, packet loss rate and token bucket parameters. Based on this model, we observe that in some cases it is possible to regulate the token bucket parameters to gain a consistent throughput with the target rate, while in other cases there exist ranges of values of the achieved rate for which the token parameters have no influence. With the latter, some modified TCP congestion control mechanisms to assure TCP throughput are proposed.

最后，在区别服务网络结构内，研究了当前提出的一种边缘路由器根据服务合同标记、分类数据包，结合内部路由器采用主动队列缓冲管理机制区别处理数据包的确信服务机制是否可在不同网络情况下使TCP连接获得同目标速率相一致的、公平的吞吐量问题；指出影响TCP连接获得同目标速率相一致吞吐量的主要因素是目标速率大小、标记算法参数和TCP连接的拥塞控制算法；对此，基于流模型假设，首次推导出一个以端到端时延、数据包丢失率、漏桶参数为变量的确信服务TCP连接吞吐量模型；利用这个模型进行分析，得到主要结论是在一些情况下可通过设置合适的漏桶参数得到同目标速率更一致的吞吐量，而在另一些网络情况下不管如何设置漏桶参数都不能使TCP连接获得同目标速率一致的吞叶量；对于后一些情况，还初步讨论了改进TCP拥塞控制算法来改善TCP连接性能的方法。

At the rear was an innovative combination transaxle with the gearbox, clutch, differential, and inboard-mounted drum brakes.

在后面是与变速箱，离合器，差的创新结合变速，和内侧安装鼓式制动器。

For more people can apprecaite and have the master work, there is reproduction painting appears in the market, the large various selection of paint,the high saturation of color plus the plentiful sfumato, to make the reproduction perfect copy and detail as original painting, so as to meet the requirment of amateurs who love art paintings,they do not need to pay high price to get classical paintings.

颜料色域广，色彩饱和度高，色彩层次丰富，图像色彩还原真实，能完美的复制原作，满足艺术爱好者欣赏，艺术爱好者们不用支付昂贵的价格就能拥有经典油画。