论争

Religious controversies are always productive of more acrimony and irreconcilable hatreds than those which spring from any other cause.

宗教的论争总是比来自其他原因的论争产生更多恶毒和不可协调的仇恨。

At all times and in all over the world, the research of concerned knowledge itself never has stopped, to knowledge agonistic never also had appeased.

古今中外，有关知识本身的探究从来没有停止过，对知识的论争也从来没有平息过。

Group of contemporary west mind appeared pessimism of a science and technology is talked as hopeful as science and technology those who talk is intense and agonistic.

当代西方思想界出现了一场科技悲观论与科技乐观论的激烈论争。

With so complicated manifestations of the aestheticization of everyday life, it is doomed to have a heated discussion over the issue in present China. Discussion will help clarify the problems and that's why there is such a theoretical analysis on the routinization of aesthetics.

日常生活审美化呈现出如此复杂的样态，在中国语境下，展开激烈的论争也是必然的，论争有助于问题的澄明，而进行"审美日常化"理论话语辨析的初衷也即是如此。

Therefore, carefully examining the scientific realism with the antirealism argumentation historic course, the focal point of argumentation, the method of argumentation, the standpoint of argumentation as well as the rationality of argumentation, thus it has become an extremely important question to appraise their significance in a new foundation, and explore the recent development basis and the trend on this foundation,.

为此，重新审视科学实在论与反实在论争论的历史进程、论争的焦点、论争方法、论争立场以及论争的合理性，从而在一个新的基础上重新评价它们的意义，并在这个基础上探索新的发展基底和趋向，已成为一个非常重要的问题。

In addition, we discuss in detail the controversy between Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas on the eternity of the world, and the influence of the controversy to Kant.

此外，我们也详细讨论了波纳文图拉与托马斯·阿奎那在世界永恒性问题上的论争，以及他们的论争对后来康德的影响。

"Contestation" views the problems in the contestation and reasons by means of phenomenological research; 2,"A different Lu Hsun", in the perspective of "Mao Ze Tong"s Lu Hsun", reaches for the problems and reasons; 3, Thorough research and researchers" alienation from Lu Hsun; 4,"Lu Hsun and communism", inquires into the interaction between Lu and communism in order to explore the reasons.

论述分为四小节：1、论争现象，通过对论争现象的直观，寻找论争中的问题和论争出现的原因；2、&不同的鲁迅&，主要通过对&毛泽东的鲁迅&的直观，寻找问题和原因；3、研究的深入与研究者对鲁迅的远离；4、鲁迅与共产主义，探讨鲁迅与共产主义的联系，以及问题出现的原因。

I think the latter is more important for us to consider, because from there we may find more useful infomation for literary theory's construction and limation.

文学主体性论争对中国当代文论建设的影响深远，目前在中国文论界有较大影响的四种文学理论观——主体论文学观、象征论文学观、生产论文学观和审美意识形态文学观，都在很大程度上受到了文学主体性论争话语的促进和影响。

Basing on the past research production, this thesis classifies the factions of the debate about Chinese traditional in the early period of Republic of China painting by stages, and also elucidates the evolvement of the subject and value standard of the controversy in this special twenty years, in the way of studying the viewpoints of representative arguers.

因此，在以往相关专题研究的基础上，本文对民初中国画论争作了新的阵营分类和阶段分期，试图阐释这二十年间有关中国画讨论的核心主题与主流观点的演变历程；并选择了分组个案研究的阐析方式，对于各论争阵营的代表人物及其主要观点展开较为深入的厘析。

The thesis demonstrates that the advocates had another debate over the necessity of"transition form"in the Chinese economic construction, which is meaningful even today.

西化论者还参与了关于中国的经济建设是否需要&过渡形态&的论争，这一论争至今还有其意义。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人