萧条

They are in thrall not to John Maynard Keynes , sage of the Depression, but to his Cambridge contemporary, Frank Ramsey, a precocious polymath who made his contributions in the prelapsarian 1920s.

他们虽未成为大萧条时期的圣人约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯的奴隶[1]，却深深地受制于后者的剑桥同仁，弗兰克·拉姆齐。这位早慧的博学家，在大萧条前的20年代做出了他的突出贡献。

They are in thrall not to John Maynard Keynes , sage of the Depression, but to his Cambridge contempo rar y, Frank Ramsey, a precocious polymath who made his contributions in the prelapsarian 1920s.

他们虽未成为大萧条时期的圣人约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯的奴隶[1]，却深深地受制于后者的剑桥同仁，弗兰克·拉姆齐。这位早慧的博学家，在大萧条前的20年代做出了他的突出贡献。

Silver Standard caused China' s economy being different from those Gold Standard countries. Unlike Western countries lived through the Great Depression by adopting active finance policy, China' s money supply had not decreased in depression owing to competitive bank system, so bank crises did not swept China, which was an important reason why Chinese economy suffered little in Great Depression.

银本位使中国经济萧条的进程迥然不同于西方金本位国家；不同于西方国家主要通过财政政策度过大萧条，中国由于特殊的银行体系，货币供给始终没有减少，银行危机也没有普遍发生，这是中国经济在整个大萧条中表现较好的一个重要原因。

But the implosions of the weekend do not even look like the American experience of depression, in which the country was swept by wave after wave of panic that wreaked widespread havoc by hitting small institutions exposed to local market conditions.

不过，上周末爆发的事件看上去甚至不同于美国经历过的经济萧条。在那些萧条中，一波又一波的恐慌席卷整个国家，冲击受到本地市场环境影响的小型机构，从而造成大范围的混乱。

The story asserts that: the Depression was a phenomenon brought on by the excesses of business, the greed of corporations and the individuals that controlled them, and unsavory practices in the financial industry; the inability of the little or "forgotten man" to deal with the cataclysmic events that overwhelmed him was total; therefore, the need for a counterweight was compelling and that role was naturally assigned to the US Government; in fulfilling that role, the imaginative and heroic programs instituted by the New Deal — which reversed the disastrous policies of Herbert Hoover — conquered the Depression and turned the economy around; and finally, its proven success legitimized the paradigm of the modern welfare state in which the government — through taxation, regulation, borrowing and spending, and jawboning — serves as a powerful check on the excesses of big business and helps to ensure the prosperity of the country, but in a much more fair and equitable fashion than an unrestricted free market could deliver.

这个的故事声称：经济大萧条是一种特殊的状况，是经营的过剩、是企业及其主管的利欲熏心，是金融行业里可恶的运营方式造成的。这灾难性的大事件，完全把书中那位&小人物&----一位&被遗忘的人&压垮了，对此他只能束手无策。于是，社会急需一种强制性的平衡力量，而把这种责任交给美国政府当然是情理之中的事。为了发挥这项作用，新政开始实施，为此设立了一些超乎人们想象的，英雄式的工程项目，新政扭转了赫伯特·胡佛制定的灾难性的政策，控制了大萧条，并挽救了衰退的经济。最终，新政的成功，使得现代化的福利国家模式得到确立，政府可以借助税收，管制，发债，开支，赊买的手段，对大企业过度经营进行其强有力的审查，政府要确保国家繁荣富强，然而，不是通过放任自由的市场经济模式，而是依靠所谓的一种更公平，更平等的模式。

The first was the belief among many nationalleaders that theevent s leading to the Second WorldWar were t riggered by the Great Depression of the1930s ,which in turn was believed to have been prolonged and deepened by the very high tariff s enactedby virtually all of the major t rading nations during theearly 1930s.

第一，很多国家的领导人认为：导致第二次世界大战爆发的事件是30 年代的大萧条，而这大萧条被认为是被30 年代初期几乎所有的主要国家所定的高额关税所延续和加深的。

The first was the belief among many nationalleaders that theevent s leading to the Second WorldWar were t riggered by the Great Depression of the1930s ,which in turn was believed to have been pro2longed and deepened by the very high tariff s enactedby virtually all of the major t rading nations during theearly 1930s.

第一 ，很多国家的领导人认为：导致第二次世界大战爆发的事件是 30 年代的大萧条，而这大萧条被认为是被 30 年代初期几乎所有的主要国家所定的高额关税所延续和加深的。

3The first was t he belief among many nationalleaders t hat t heevent s leading to t he Second WorldWar were t riggered by t he Great Depression of t he1930s,which in t urn was believed to have been pro2longed and deepened by t he very high tariff s enacted by virt ually all of t he major t rading nations during t heearly 1930s.

第一，很多国家的领导人认为：导致第二次世界大战爆发的事件是30年代的大萧条，而这大萧条被认为是被30年代初期几乎所有的主要国家所定的高额关税所延续和加深的。

C.E. Good times, bad times, there will always be advertising, In good times people want advertising; in bad times they have to.

管是繁荣时期还是萧条时期，广告总会存在。繁荣时，人们想做广告；萧条时，人们不得不做广告。

Or, as Adam Posen, another economist, puts it,"That's when the Depression became the Great Depression."

或者，如另外一位经济学家Adam Posen所说：&这个时候，萧条变成&大萧条&&。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人