药物

A developmental focus was placed upon the intermediates of the drug such as cephalosporin,antihypertensive,antilipemic,antiulcer,antineoplastic,antiviral,antineuralgic,vitamin and amino acid.

重点发展第二、三、四代头孢菌素中间体、第三、四代喹诺酮类药物中间体、新型抗高血压药物中间体、新型抗高血脂药物中间体、抗溃疡药物中间体、抗癌药及抗病毒药物的中间体、中枢神经药物中间体、手性药物中间体、维生素及各种氨基酸。

The result demonstrated that concentration of NFLX in Artemia can achieve its peak value after 8h and it increased with increasing of the doses of NFLX in water, the doses had a little influence on the peaking time.

结果表明，卤虫体内的药物含量在8小时内达到最高；体长相同的卤虫在不同的药物浓度下强化，其体内药物含量随着药物浓度的增加而增加；药物浓度对卤虫体内药物的达峰时间影响较小。

In clinical. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduce the breakdown of synaptic acetylcholine, have been modestly effective in improving the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease.The goal of this work is to determine enzyme kinetics and mechanisms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrlcholinesterase inhibition by five cardiovascular drugs, lovastatin, simvastatin, amlodipine besylate, nifedipine, and hydralazine hydrochloride, and two benzodiazepines, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. All drugs in this study are reversible mixed-type inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The pKi values for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by the cardiovascular drugs are linearly correlated with the molecular weights of the drugs with the slopes of 0.005 and 0.0021, respectively. Therefore, van der Waals' interactions between acetylcholinesterase and the cardiovascular drugs are stronger than those between butyrylcholinesterase and the drugs. This is probably due to a smaller active site gorge and a more significant peripheral anionic substrate binding site of acetylcholinesterase than those of butyrylcholinesterase.

本研究之目的系决定乙醯胆碱酯酵素和丁醯胆碱酯酵素被五种心脏血管药物lovastatin， simvastatin， amlodipine besylate， nifedipine、hydralazine hydrochloride和两种benzodiazepines：diazepam和Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride的抑制作用之动力学及机转，这些药物都是乙醯胆碱酯酵素和丁醯胆碱酯酵素的可逆性、混合型之抑制剂，实验结果显示，五种心血管药物对於乙醯胆碱酯酵素及丁醯胆碱酯酵素抑制之pKi值和药物之分子量呈直线之关系，斜率分别为0.005及0.0021因此丁醯胆碱酯酵素，与心血管药物间之凡德瓦作用（van der Waals' ）比乙醯胆碱酯酵素与心血管药物间者弱，这可能原因是丁醯胆碱酯酵素之活性区域比乙醯胆碱酯酵素之活性区域更宽广，但丁醯胆碱酯酵素之周边阴离子区域不及乙醯胆碱酯酵素之周边阴离子区域者明显重要，由於五种心血管药物对於乙醯胆碱酯酵素和丁醯胆碱酯酵素抑制之pKi值存在著线性关系表示此种抑制作用系经过共同之反应机理。

The first aim of this study is to clarify whether that polymorphisms of the genes that encode these enzymes associates with the TB drugs-induced adverse reactions. Furthermore, since tuberculosis patients are always administrated with multiple TB drugs, it is hard to distinguish which TB drug caused these adverse reactions.

本研究从结核药物过敏病患代谢酵素基因多型性方面探讨与结核药物过敏反应发生的相关性；此外，由於结核病患通常同时接受多种结核药物的治疗，导致难以判断是其中何种药物引起不良反应，本研究另一目标即为建立一T细胞体外培养系统，用於判断何种药物引起不良反应的产生。

Each medicine used in the study totally has obivious effect on lens sodium-pump. Either on the molecular and cellular level or on the histological and organic level , they all have their distinctive demonstration. 1.Ouabain、Digoxine、DMSO decrease the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level , the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure demonstrated destructive effect,it indicates the cause of cataract of the medicines.2.D-thyroxine、Amphotericin B、Vitamin E increase the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level ,from the demonstration of the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure ,it indicates the medicines have protective or anti-distructive effect on lens.3.The medicines have isoform-specific action on lens sodium-pump,it indicates exploitting isoform-specific medicine has a promising clinical application.4. Lens sodium-pumps are inhibited probably lead to cataract, so in clinical medication, especially to the cardiovascular doctor, while he is using the sodium-pump inhibitors, he should pay more attention to adjust the dosage and duration of the drug therapy. 5. To creat the animal model of cataract through inhibiting lens sodium-pump, whether it can be a kind of classical method or not, it is worthy of further research.

本研究所选用的药物对晶状体钠泵均有明显的影响作用，在分子水平、细胞水平、组织器官水平均有特异的表现：1、哇巴因、地高辛、二甲基亚砜三种药物可降低晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，在细胞形态和超微结构上表现为损伤效应，提示了其潜在的导致白内障的可能。2、D甲状腺素、两性霉素B、维生素 E三种药物可升高晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，从细胞形态和超微结构上的表现，提示了其对晶状体有保护作用或抗损伤效应。3、药物作用于晶状体钠泵具有重整异构特异性，提示了开发出特异的具有重整异构作用的药物是极有临床应用前景的。4晶状体钠泵抑制后可能导致白内障的发生，故临床用药，尤其是心内科医生在使用这些钠泵抑制剂时应注意调整用药剂量及药物疗程。5 通过抑制晶状体钠泵来制作白内障动物模型能否成为一种经典的制作方法，还有待于进一步研究。

It is necessary to strengthen safety education about drug allergy for nurses,including the meaning of drug allergy,recognizing that each drug and each medication route may has allergic reaction and drug allergy test is not the only standard to estimate drug allergy,abiding by nursing technique regulations strictly,guaranteeing the quality of drug allergy test,monitoring drug allergic reactions,recognizing the high incide...

必须对护士加强药物过敏的安全教育；不断学习和认识药物过敏的深刻意义，每一种药物和给药途径均可能发生过敏反应，药物过敏试验不是判断药物过敏的唯一标准，应走出药物过敏的误区；严格遵守护理技术操作规程，把好药物过敏试验质量关；密切观察药物过敏反应，掌握药物高度过敏反应发生的时间，早期发现不典型过敏性休克的症状；熟练掌握过敏性休克的抢救规程，病人对药物过敏的相关内容应有醒目标志。

It is especially discussed that the principle, operation process and effects of the operation parameters on the characteristic of the products when the hydrophilic drug micronized with the supercritical assisted atomization which is an improvement on the supercritical anti-solvent technology. It is also introduced that the embedment of hydrophobic drug into biodegradable materials with the use of surfactant as well as the effect of different molecular weight of carrier and different ratio of complex carrier on the characteristic of products is made. It is pointed out that the use of surfactant will improve the micronization of microparticles of the hydrophobic drugs.

在药物微粉化方面，着重介绍了超临界辅助原子化法对水溶性药物的处理，包括该方法的原理、操作方法以及操作参数对产品性能的影响，证明该方法用于改善水溶性药物的微粉化具有良好的效果；在制备药物微球方面，重点介绍了不同操作条件和不同分子质量的载体、不同配比的复合载体对药物微球性能的影响以及表面活性剂在亲脂性及离子型药物微球制备中的应用，指出添加表面活性剂将更有利于得到该类药物的微球。

In the preformulation study, the ultraviolet spectrum and HPLC methods for the assay of α-asarone were established firstly and then the physicochemical properties, especially the octanol/water partition coefficient and the solubility in various solvent systems such as alcohol, PEG 400, IPM, octanol were examined. The prediction permeability was then compared with actual transdermal parameters obtained from the in-vitro diffusion study , and feasibility of drug transdermal absorption was then analyzed.

在制剂开发的处方前研究工作中，首先建立了α-细辛醚的紫外及HPLC分析方法，测定了药物的油水分配系数及在生理盐水、各系列浓度的乙醇、PEG400、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、正辛醇等溶媒中溶解度；其次，确立了药物体外经皮渗透研究的方法，并考察溶媒及促渗剂(乙醇、丙二醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯等)对药物体外经皮渗透性能的影响，计算药物经皮渗透的各参数，根据药物的药物动力学参数，分析了药物经皮吸收的可行性。

Quite a few terminally晚期地,致命地ill patients would often like their doctors to administer lethal drugs注射致命药物 to them to be relieved of suffering; there are also some of their families who would prefer that doctors withdraw any life-prolonging treatment撤销延长生命性质的治疗since there is no hope of effecting an ultimate cure.

相当一部分绝症末期的病人通常想让他们的医生为他们注射致命药物，将他们从痛苦中解救出来。同时，还有一些病人家属向医生提出，撤销延长病人生命性质的治疗，因为对其最终的治疗并不抱什么希望。

The results showed that:(1) The drug micropellet with reasonable drug entrapment ratio and release velocity would be obtained if the amountof crosslinking agent and drugs was controlled successfully;(2) The Ibuprofen micropellet had a suitable release rate in artificial intestinal juice but it was a very low release rate in artificial succus gastrius because it had a low solubility in acid medium.

以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，羟丙基壳聚糖为载体，将布洛芬做成缓释控释药物微丸，讨论了包埋条件对微丸性能的影响以及药物在人工胃液和人工肠液中的释放行为。结果表明：(1)合理控制交联剂用量和药物投入量，能够得到药物包封率和释放性能良好的药物微丸；(2)布洛芬药物微丸在人

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人