空穴

In Chapter 4, problems of cavitated bifurcation for two spheres, which are composed of two different kinds of imperfect compressible hyper-elastic materials, were examined, respectively.

以一类具有缺陷的不可压超弹性材料组成的球体为例，研究了材料缺陷对空穴运动方程的非平凡解的存在性及其定性性质的影响。

Because all of these approaches involve destructive sampling and/or could themselves create artifacts (e.g., Cochard et al. 2000, 2001), unequivocal evidence for local refilling that restores the ability of previously cavitated conduits to transport water under tension remains elusive.

因为所有这些做法涉及破坏性取样和/或可自己创造的文物（如cochard等人， 2000年， 2001年），明确的证据显示，为当地加油站恢复的能力，以前的空穴管道运输水压力的情况下依然渺茫。

It is proved that the cavitated bifurcation equation is equivalent to a class of normal forms with single-sided constraints near the critical point by using singularity theory.

用奇点理论证明了，空穴分岔方程在临界点附近等价于具有单边约束条件的正规形。

The transition dipole moments of neutral and charged Green1 are compared using 3D transition density, which reveal the orientation and strength of transition dipole moments. The charge redistribution of neutral and charged Green1 upon excitation are shown and compared with 3D charge difference density. The electron-hole coherences of neutral and charged Green1 upon excitation are investigated with 2D site representation.

用3D跃迁密度方法对中性和带电的Green1的跃迁偶极矩进行比较，可显示出跃迁偶极矩的取向和强度；用3D电荷差异密度方法显示出激发后的中性和带电的Green1电荷重新分布，也进行了比较：用2D实空间分析方法来研究中性和带电的Green1处于激发态时的电子空穴相干性。

My very photogenic mother died in a freak accident when I was three, and, save for a pocket of warmth in the darkest past, nothing of her subsists within the hollows and dells of memory, over which, if you can still stand my style, the sun of my infancy had set: surely, you all know those redolent remnants of day suspended, with the midges, about some hedge in bloom or suddenly entered and traversed by the rambler, at the bottom of a hill, in the summer dusk; a furry warmth, golden midges.

在我3岁的时候，我那非常上相的母亲死于一次奇特的事故，除了黑暗的往昔中一小袋温暖，她没有在我记忆的空穴与幽谷中留下任何印象，而在这一切之上，我幼年的太阳已经沉落——如果你还能忍受我的文风的话——相信你们都了解悬浮的白日那芬芳的余辉（在夏日的暮霭中，在山谷的谷底处），盘旋在开花的树篱周围，或者被突然出现的漫游者闯入和越过；此外还有柔软而温暖的金色小虫四处飞舞。

In compound 1, two independent other than dimerized copper-phenanthroline graups are fused to the oxggen atoms in the vacant site of the mono-lacunary polyanton in parallel.

该化合物分子中2个独立的非二聚体的铜－邻菲啰啉平行地与缺位多酸空穴外的氧配位键合，通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析和X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征。

By employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and a modified mean field method, we are able to determine its ground-state quantum phase diagram approximately. The chapter IV is the main part of this Thesis. It contains the main innovations in our work. We propose and study in detail a S=1 Ising chain with the interplay of single-ion anisotropy and dimerization. The main results and innovations are the following: We show that the total number of the zero-component of spins at each site is a conserved quantity. This quantity, which may intuitively called as hole's quantum number, is hidden in the system. We show further that the hole's number in the ground-state is zero; By using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, we map this model onto a series of subsystems described by the spin 1/2 dimerized transverse Ising model. We solve the subsystems exactly, by presenting the exact wave functions and spectra;We show that this system exhibits a series of quantum phase transitions by varying the dimerization strength. We determine the quantum critical points exactly. We also show that the criticality is the same as that of the uniform S = 1/2 transverse Ising chain.

第四章是本文的重点及主要创新内容，我们具体研究了自旋为1的在横向单离子晶格场中的一维二聚化Ising链，我们得到的主要结果和创新之处是：(1)证明了这一模型具有一种隐藏的对称性，即自旋第三分量为零的格点数目是一个守恒量，并证明基态出现在空穴数目为零的子空间中；(2)利用Jordan-Wigner 变换将此模型变换到一系列自旋为1/2的横磁场中的二聚化Ising 模型，并给出了相应严格的波函数及能谱；(3)我们发现系统的基态随着二聚化强度的变化将呈现出一系列量子相变，我们得到了量子临界点的精确位置，并证明其临界性质与自旋为1/2的横磁场中的均匀Ising 链中的临界行为属于同一普适类。

In chapter 4, effects of dopants with lower and higher valence than 3 on structure and electrical conductivity of 〓 have been discussed.

在600～800℃下及1～0.05atm的氧分压范围内电子空穴和电子电导与温度及氧分压的关系分别为〓和〓。

Structural measurements and annealing results show that this phase is not caused by chemical imperfection but by oxygen dopants.

另外，对这种样品进行脱氧处理后，此超导电性相应消失，说明了这种高Tc的超导电性是由活动性空穴掺杂引起的。

The effect of particular saturated bridge during the course of ET and HT in rigid, covalently linked donor-bridge-acceptor dyads has captured the attention of scientists'in this field.

饱和桥在双生色团的给体-桥-受体体系的分子内电子转移和空穴转移过程中的作用一直是此领域的科学家们关注的焦点。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。