灰

The concepts of interval grey number and the rules of four fundamental operations of interval grey number are simply stated, and then the distributive law for multiplication of interval grey number at some conditions is put forward and the distance between two interval grey number is defined.

第三章，简述了区间型灰数的概念及运算规则，给出了关于同性单性区间型灰数分配律定理，定义了区间型灰数的距离，然后利用最优化原理建立了灰关联模式识别公式，从而形成了一种新的灰关联模式识别方法。

The conceptions of the superiority, inferiority and equipollence position degrees of the interval grey number were defined, and it was proved that the sum of three position degrees for a certain interval grey number related to another grey number is 1, and that the relation set of the position degrees is a whole order set of the interval grey numbers.

运用灰色系统思想和系统工程的理论，揭示了人们在灰信息条件下的博弈心理与博弈决策规则；提出了区间灰数的优势、均势和劣势的概念；证明了与某一区间灰数相对的另一区间的各种灰数势之和为1，且灰数势大小关系的集合是一个全序集。

The gray relational analysis have four steps :(1)grey generating;(2) grey relational coefficient;(3) grey relational grade;(4) gey relational ordinal. In Grey Relational Grade of weighting is using Entropy weighting.

另外以各品质特性，进行灰关联生成与计算灰关联系数，以熵权重将各序列组的灰关联系数整合成一灰关联度，由灰关联度排序获得最佳参数组合。

A definition of "Kernel" is given first. Algorithm axioms, algorithm rules of interval grey numbers and new algebraic systems are built based on the "Kernel" and the degree of greyness of grey numbers. And the properties of the algorithm are studied.

首先给出了灰数"核"的定义，基于"核"和灰数灰度建立了区间灰数运算公理、运算法则和新的灰代数系统，并研究了运算性质。

Based on fouling monitoring of boiler,this papers studied on method based on minimal cleanliness factor to determine sootblowing opportunity, method based on best frequency to calculate critical cleanliness,method base on the principle of maximal heat income caused by sootblowing to determine sootblowing period, method based on the principle of safety first to determine sootblowing schedule. All the above methods together can determine the correct schedule to sootblowing system.

基于锅炉各受热面的实时监测模型，本文在保证设备安全运行的前提下，从经济性出发，提出了基于临界清洁因子确定最佳吹灰时机和根据吹灰收益最大原则确定最佳吹灰周期，并给出基于吹灰最佳频率确定临界清洁因子的方法，给出制定合理的吹灰方案的步骤。

Results show that, following the leaching time extending, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals and lixiviate toxicity of heavy metals increase in the fly ash. When the ratio of liquid and solid add, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals obviously become big, and the Cd's leaching concentration is the biggest, when the ratio of liquid and solid is 90, the Cd's leaching ratio exceed the percent of 70. At the time pH is about 7, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals are the lowest. When the grain size is the bigger or little, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals are lower, however when the grain size is 250-900 μm, the concentrations are higher. After fly ash melt in the high temperature, the lixiviate toxicity of heavy metals greatly reduce, which explains that the effect of melting on heavy metals' stabilization is very good.

结果表明，随着浸出时间的增加，飞灰绝大部分重金属的浸出浓度增高，浸出毒性增强；液固比增加，大部分重金属的浸出率大大提高，其中重金属Cd的浸出率最大，在液固比为90时，飞灰中的Cd的浸出率达到70%以上；pH为中性左右的时候，医疗垃圾飞灰中的大部分重金属的浸出液浓度最低；颗粒尺寸在较大或者较小时，医疗垃圾飞灰中的大部分重金属浸出浓度较小，大部分重金属在颗粒尺寸250～900 μm时，重金属的浸出浓度较高；飞灰高温熔融后，重金属的浸出毒性大大降低，说明熔融对重金属有很好的固化效果。

Associations of phases include cyclowallastonite and wallastonite, wallastonite and clinopyroxene, clinopyroxene and melilite, wallastonite and clinopyroxene and melilite, cyclowallastonite and clinopyroxene.

如硅灰石+环硅灰石、硅灰石+辉石、辉石+黄长石、硅灰石+辉石+黄长石、环硅灰石+辉石。

Firstly, the specific surface area of nano-coated particle is much larger than that of ordinary wollastonite, and the edges formed in comminuting is passivated, which made the slippy crystal surface coarsened. At the same time, the color of nano-coated particle became whiter, which fit for light ware. Secondly, if the coated wollastonite hasn't been modified by coupling agent, the toughness of PP/ wollastonite composite couldn't be improved.

在硅灰石表面包覆上纳米级SiO2小颗粒对硅灰石的应用特性有重要影响：①纳米包覆粒子填料的比表面积比普通硅灰石大，纳米级SiO2小颗粒钝化了由于机械力粉碎造成的硅灰石的棱角，使其平滑的晶体解理面变得粗糙，同时硅灰石粉体白度增大，可应用于浅色制品。

In this text, on the base of gradation design, the pavement performances of lime-fly ash stabilized aggregates and lime-fly ash mortar under controlling fine aggregates gradation are studied, and contrasted with the mixtures which are under uncontrolling fine aggregates gradation, including mechanical performance, stableness, anti-brushing performance, the anti-crack performance, and drawing the conclusion of controlling fine aggregates gradation.

在配合比设计的基础上，研究了控制细集料级配的二灰砂浆和二灰碎石混合料的力学性能、稳定性能，以及二灰碎石的抗收缩性能、抗冲刷性能，并与不控制细集料级配的二灰砂浆和二灰碎石混合料的路用性能进行了对比，得出实际施工中应控制细集料级配的结论。

The degree of the plumping of the cattle hide and the removal of the hair were evaluated during the li- ming process;the protein,suspending substance,sodium sulfide and effective calcium oxide contents in the liming liquor and the fat content in the limed hide were measured;also,the tissue slice of the limed hide was observed by optic microscope.

将不同量的十二烷基硫酸酯钠、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵和平平加O分别添加到浸灰液中，观察浸灰过程中皮膨胀情况和毛脱除情况，测定浸灰废液中蛋白质、悬浮物、硫化钠和有效氧化钙含量及浸灰皮油脂含量，并对浸灰皮组织切片进行显微镜观察。

I smile at your play with that little bit of a broken twig.

我微笑着看你玩那一段小小的树枝。

They may be produced for almost any shaft angle.

他们可能在制作中几乎任何一个轴角。