模拟显示

In this paper, the bump patterns for flip-chip packages are discussed first, then an experiment is setup to study the dispensing phenomena for different bump patterns, and the CAE software is used to analyze and identify with experiment mutually. From these thorough comparisons and analytical analysis, the existence of channel could slow down the flow, the high density of bump could speed up the flow, and it could avoid the air trap by modified the bump and channel's arrangement on flip-chip package. Then flows in rectangular microchannels driven by capillary force and gravity are discussed; furthermore, the theoretical model of flow in microchannel driven by capillary force and gravity is formulated from the Navier-Stokes equations.

本文首先针对覆晶底部充填进行相关理论推导、实验与模拟，探讨不同凸块配置模型所造成的波前不平滑现象对底部充填流动的影响；即依据相关参数建立模型进行底部充填实验，同时以CAE(Computer-Aided Engineering)模流分析软体进行模拟，在完成理论探讨、实验与模拟分析之后，交叉比较理论、实验与模拟分析结果，归纳出影响底胶充填流动之因素，由结果显示在凸块密集度较高的区域，凸块可以帮助流动，但是在凸块区后方的沟槽区域则因为凸块区所提供之流量不足，所以会造成波前落后的现象，另外藉由修改凸块与沟槽配置的关系，可以有效的控制波前形状的变化情形，避免产生包风现象。

The instruments used ATmega16L onboard A / D converter channels to achieve the cold wind pressure, the hot blast pressure, the furnace top pressure and cold wind current capacity four way analog acquisition;used PWM waveform produced by ATmega16L internal timing / Counter to achieve the entire differential pressure ,the cold wind flow and the permeability index three-way analog output for recording instruments; realized the cold wind pressure, the hot blast pressure, the furnace top pressure, the cold wind current capacity and the entire differential pressure five group parameter tour demonstration and the fixed-point demonstration by key-elect key's coordination during demonstration blast furnace permeable index; produced acousto-optics alarm when the permeable index across the upper and lower limits;used RS-485 realizing the communication with the superior computer.

仪表利用ATmega16L自带的A/D转换通道实现对冷风压力、热风压力、炉顶压力及冷风流量四路模拟信号的采集；通过ATmega16L内部的定时/计数器产生的PWM波形来实现对全压差、冷风流量及透气性指数三路模拟量输出供记录仪表使用；通过键选键的配合在显示高炉透气性指数的同时实现冷风压力、热风压力、炉顶压力、冷风流量及全压差五路参数的巡回显示与定点显示；当高炉透气性指数越上、下限时，仪表产生声光报警信号；仪表采用RS-485与上位机实现通信。

The experiment is based on the sand mold of Al-Si alloy. From the cooling curve of special point and temperature field of cross-sectional, the comparison is basically satisfactory.

经过特定点冷却曲线的比较和中心剖切面温度场的显示，本研究模拟结果从网格剖分、温度场模拟结果到界面显示令人满意。

by using the software mathcad, the simulative calculation on water quality equalization has been made on a typical water sample. five kinds of mathcad worksheet used commonly the compiling method of mathcad worksheet and the simulative calculation procedure for the minimum effective volume of the equalization basin is presented. the reason for the subtle different in the results of different method is also explained. at last the author shows us the function of water quality equalization by polar diagram.

环境摘要：利用mathcad软件对一个典型水样进行了水质均化的模拟计算，给出了五种常用均质过程模拟算法的mathcad工作表，介绍了mathcad工作表的编制方法及水质均化池最小有效容积的模拟计算步骤，说明了不同模拟算法的计算结果存在细小差别的原因，以极坐标图显示了水质均化的作用。

Radar rainfall estimation combined with a few rain gauges has as good result as dense rain gauge network does in runoff simulation that gives a good prospect of radar application in flood monitoring and forecasting.

2雷达联合少量雨量计估测降水用于流域径流模拟时，模拟精度和用稠密雨量计网模拟的精度接近，显示雷达在流域径流模拟和洪水监测预报中有相当高的应用价值。

Software, and simulated by Monte Carlo method. The simulation results are conducted by descriptive statistics. Two "drop-in" assembly design lens groups were studied to calculate the stack-up element tilt and decenter within a cell and the resultant deviations of the optical axes away from the mechanical datum axis. The results indicate that the opto-mechanical tolerance model can analyze the critical to quality parameters of a lens system. As a result, the performance of the lens system can be anticipated by the opto-mechanical tolerance model before mass production.

戊n体编辑，并以蒙地卡罗方法模拟，模拟结果以叙述统计呈现；最后以两个"投入式"组立设计的镜群组为案例，计算镜片在镜筒内的累积偏心角度公差、偏心距离公差及镜片光学轴的累计偏移量，其结果显示该模型可模拟一个镜头系统的关键品质参数；所以，镜头系统的性能在大量生产之前可藉本光机公差模拟模型预测其品质与良率。

Clinical requirement in dental simulation is firstly analyzed and performance goal of haptic display is proposed. Based on characteristics of human haptics, software system of surgery simulation and force rendering is developed and prototype of surgery simulation system is established using Phantom desktop. Dental exploration and cutting operation in cavity preparation are simulated with haptic and graphical display capabilities.

全文首先通过分析牙科手术模拟的临床需求，提出了力觉显示手术仿真系统的模拟指标；针对操作者触觉生理学特点，基于力觉交互设备Phantom desktop，开发了手术仿真和力觉渲染软件，建立了手术模拟原型试验系统；以牙面探查和牙体预备中的切削操作作为研究对象，实现了力觉和图形集成显示的手术操作过程模拟。

For understanding the workability and precision of these prediction equations, at first this study not only simulates the MHs of Taipei, Taichung, Kaoshung cities and Kao-ping area but also compares these results with meteorological models of CLAMET and TPAQM. And the comparisons show the high correlation (up to 0.8) between them. When the results of MH prediction equations model are compared with TPAQM, they get higher or lower values than TPAQM. The reasons are that Holzworth method can not concern about the warm and cold advections effect and the upper air data used do not get enough finer space-spread. About the results spread on the domain of my model, they show more different MH fields between the land and the sea around and get more sharply change of the land MHs on daytime than TPAQM.

为了解此预测式之可行性及准确度，本研究针对台北、台中、高雄及高屏地区作混合层高度值的模拟，并将模拟结果与实际观测值、CALMET气象模组及光化学轨迹模式输出结果作比对，结果显示均有0.80以上之高相关性；但与TPAQM计算结果间有明显的高估或低估现象，此为Holzworth method无法考量温度平流效应对混合层发展之影响及探空资料空间解析度不足所致；而在空间分布上，本模式所计算的混合层高度场相较於TPAQM在海陆分布上有较明显的分野，且更能够显示出内陆地区混合层高度的日变化。

Based on numerical simulation flow after treatment methods and implementation. This paper drawing river ice jam thickness contour map, vertical water flow under the ice jam contour map as an example, the use of Surfer software described in detail various graphics rendering; Focused on the Surfer with VB programming software secondary development to achieve flow numerical simulation after treatment, showed that automatic change the data files to the Surfers;Introduced Active automation technology and Visual Basic Application Program Interface, and the interface technology will combinate VB powerful software development capabilities and Surfer software powerful mapping functions , achieve the key code and the mapping results map examples: under the ice sheet flow velocity field vertical contour map, three-dimensional wire-frame plans, such as flow field vector graphics, and dynamic display and output the graphics.

基于水流数值模拟后处理的方法与实现，本文以绘制河流冰塞厚度等值线图、冰塞下水流纵向流速等值线图为例，详细介绍了运用Surfer软件绘制各种图形的方法；重点阐述了用VB编程对Surfer软件进行二次开发实现水流数值模拟后处理，显示向Surfer数据文件自动转换的过程；介绍了Active自动化技术及其与VB应用程序的接口技术，并利用该接口技术将VB的强大软件开发能力和Surfer软件强大的绘图功能相结合，给出了实现该接口技术的关键代码以及绘制成果图件的实例：冰盖下流速场纵向流速等值线图、三维线框图、流场矢量图等图形，并输出图形与动态显示。

The results of the comparis on between simulated DLDAS and MODIS land surface temperature indicate that the main difference between two LST are within ± 5K1 The scatter plots and standard deviation suggest that the simulated LST of night is 2 - 3Kmore accurate than that of day time.

对比了模拟的GLDAS地表温度与MODIS地表温度产品，结果显示两者之间的差值介于-5～5K之间，两者的散点图和标准离差显示模拟的夜间地表温度要比模拟的白天地表温度精确2～3K。

At the rear was an innovative combination transaxle with the gearbox, clutch, differential, and inboard-mounted drum brakes.

在后面是与变速箱，离合器，差的创新结合变速，和内侧安装鼓式制动器。

For more people can apprecaite and have the master work, there is reproduction painting appears in the market, the large various selection of paint,the high saturation of color plus the plentiful sfumato, to make the reproduction perfect copy and detail as original painting, so as to meet the requirment of amateurs who love art paintings,they do not need to pay high price to get classical paintings.

颜料色域广，色彩饱和度高，色彩层次丰富，图像色彩还原真实，能完美的复制原作，满足艺术爱好者欣赏，艺术爱好者们不用支付昂贵的价格就能拥有经典油画。