无瞳孔

RESULTS: Of the 74 patients, 23 (31%) had ocular manifestations accompanied by other symptoms, including 3 (4.1%) with ocular syndrome accompanied with headache as the first symptoms of Moyamoya disease. Digital subtract angiography examination revealed 24 patients (32.4%) had unilateral or double stenosis of internal carotid artery, among which 3 patients had ocular syndrome. All positive eye findings included amaurosis fugax (13%), hemianopia (17%), decline or loss of the visual ability and lesions of visual fields (44%), papillary size dysfunction (13%), pupil direct/indirect light reflex (13%), ptosis (9%), nystagmus (4%), ocular dyscinesia (13%), and fossa orbitalis tenderness (9%).

结果：74例Moyamoya病患者中眼部症状与其它症状同时发生者23例（31%），其中仅以眼部症状伴头痛表现为首发症状就诊者3例（4%）；DSA检查显示单侧或双侧颈内动脉狭窄者24例（32%），其中3例患者双侧颈内动脉完全闭塞，而无任何眼部症状；23例患者所伴眼症表现主要为一过性黑朦13%，偏盲17%，视力下降甚至丧失44%，瞳孔大小异常13%，瞳孔直接/间接对光反射消失13%，上睑下垂9%，眼球震颤4%，眼球运动障碍13%，眼眶压痛9%。

There was no significant difference in the size of pupils between the patients with and without atropine poisoning.

阿托品中毒与非中毒者的瞳孔大小无显著性差异。

Although 25 eyes presented with acute angle closure glaucoma, 6 eyes were insidious onset and asymptomatic. While 27 eyes relieved pupillary block after laser iridotomy or surgical peripheral iridectomy, 4 eyes required vitrectomy or laser photomydriasis to relieve pupillary block. Five eyes (16%) developed chronic angle closure glaucoma due to peripheral anterior synechia. one could be controlled by chronic medical therapy, three required trabeculectomy, the another one even required cyclocryotherapy because poor IOP control after trabeculectomy.

虽然大多数的病例（25只眼）以急性发作为临床表徵，但有6只眼为隐袭性，无任何临床症状。27只眼经雷射虹彩瞳孔术或外科周边虹彩切除术后可以解除瞳孔阻塞，另4只眼无法解除而需作玻璃体切除术或雷射光瞳孔放大术。5只眼(16%)因周边前黏连发生慢性隅角闭锁性青光眼，其中1只眼可以药物控制，3只眼需做小梁切除术，另1只眼做小梁切除术后眼压仍无法控制而接受睫状体冷冻治疗。

The automatic shrinking of the pupils of the eye in strong light; a reflex knee jerk; sneezing is reflexive .

在强光下眼睛瞳孔的自动收缩；无意识的膝部痉挛；打喷嚏是一种条件反射。

The mydriatic, cyeloplegic action and recovery were so quick that it did not intere-fere the studying next day,and there were no side effects.

该药滴后无副作用，扩瞳、麻痹睫状肌和瞳孔恢复正常均快，因而晚上滴药后不影响学生第二天的学习；2。

METHODS: A total of 1 536 people in rural areas of shaanxi were studied by cluster random sampling methods. All particants were checked by slit lamp, and the people who were more than 50 years old carried out the standard examination by internal criteria. Then they were examined by LOCS Ⅲ in mydriatic situation when there were no contraindication.

遵循按比例、随机、整群抽样的原则对陕西省洋县 1 536人进行白内障患病率的横断面调查，所有受检人员均采用裂隙灯检查晶状体，年龄≥50岁的人，先在小瞳孔下按照国内诊断标准进行检查，如无禁忌再充分散瞳后，按LOCSⅢ标准进行检查。

The mechanism of photosensitivity and phototaxis was studied with optical andelectrophysiological method. The results are as follows:1 among three kinds of Chysopa peral. of the compound eyes show little daily change in Chrysopa sinica Tjedar .The model and color of psesudpopupil show significant daily change in Chrysopa septempzhbybimctata Wesmacl and Chrysopa formosa Brauer, color and diameter of the psesudpopupil of the compound eyes in Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmacl make rapid change at noon, afternoon ,night are similar ,but make little change in the morning and the next morning. Diameter of psesudpopupil of compound eyes is the biggest in the afternoon, which of Chrysopa formosa Brauer, is the biggest at noon.

本文应用光学及电生理学方法对棉铃虫优势种天敌—中华草蛉、大草蛉和丽草蛉3种草蛉的感光和趋光机制进行了研究，主要研究结果如下： 1、中华草蛉、大草蛉、丽草蛉复眼伪瞳孔大小、颜色昼夜间有节律性变化，且种间具有不同的变化模式。3种草蛉中，中华草蛉复伪瞳孔大小昼夜节律变化不明显，其模式和颜色上亦基本无变化，中间为一小黑点，其外围是绿色，最外层为红色，形状为正六边形：大草蛉、丽草蛉的复眼伪瞳孔大小昼夜间不同，大草蛉的复眼伪瞳孔在中午、下午、晚上变大，早晨和次日早晨基本一致，但次日早晨稍小些。

There was no significant difference of higher order wavefront aberrations between emmetropic and ametropic eyes. Comparing the age of 40 years or less with the age over 40 years, there were significant differences in RMS3 between the two under 7 mm pupil size, and statistical diffenences in RMS6 and RMSh between the two under 4 mm pupil size.

除第2阶像差均方根(RMS2)以外，正视眼及近视眼各阶像差平均RMS值在7 mm与4 mm瞳孔下，差异均无统计学意义。40岁及以下者与40岁以上者相比，在7 mm瞳孔时，两者第3阶像差均方根(RMS3)差异有统计学意义；而在4 mm瞳孔时，两者第6阶像差均方根(RMS6)及高阶像差均方根差异均有统计学意义。

"Apraclonidine, a selective alpha-2-agonist, was developed to lower intraocular pressure and minimize the systemic side effects associated with the use of its parent drug, clonidine," write Patrick Watts, MBBS, MS, from the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff, United Kingdom, and colleagues."An investigation of the site of action of apraclonidine incidentally uncovered a reversal of anisocoria in patients with absent sympathetic innervation of one pupil due to its alpha-1-effect on a pupil with denervation supersensitivity.... The easy availability of apraclonidine, its mild alpha-1-agonist activity, and its hitherto benign safety profile has encouraged its use as a first-line drug in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paralysis."

英国加地夫市威尔斯大学附设医院的外科学硕士Patrick Watts及研究同仁指出，Apraclonidine是一种选择性的α-2-拮抗剂，是用来降低眼内压，并减少其母系药物降保适使用上的相关全身性副作用；在一项针对apraclonidine作用位置的研究中，因其单侧瞳孔神经切除之α-1-效应，而附带提出单侧瞳孔无交感神经支配患者之瞳孔大小不等为可逆转，apraclonidine之高可利用率，其轻微的α-1-拮抗活性，以及迄今良好的用药安全档案，更强化其作为视交感神经瘫痪诊断第一线药物的使用率。

Methods: 79 eases who had no pupil change and had obvious massing effect as study objects.

选取79例无瞳孔改变的偏侧占位效应明显的患者与100名无明显颅脑症状及体征的志愿者作为对照，研究诊断早期小脑幕疝的标准及临床价值。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。