文化人

In his Culture and Anarchy , Matthew Arnold writes,"The great men of culture are those who have had a passion for diffusing, for making prevail, for carrying from one end of society to the other, the best knowledge, the best ideas of their time; who have laboured to divest knowledge of all that was harsh, uncouth, difficult, abstract, professional, exclusive; to humanise it, to make it efficient outside the clique of the cultivated and learned, yet still remaining the best knowledge and thought of the time, and a true source, therefore, of sweetness and light."

马修·阿诺德在《文化和无政府状态》一书中这样描述："伟大的文化人是这样一些人，他们具有一种激情，要将他们时代最好的知识、最好的思想从社会的一端传播和搬运到社会的另一端，使之流行不衰；他们殚精竭虑，要为知识去除一切粗糙的、粗野的、难解的、抽象的、专业的和孤傲的成分，要把它人性化，使它在绅士和学者的圈子之外，也见成效，与此同时，又保留了时代最好的知识和思想，因而成为甜美和光明的真正源泉。"

In that time, the ambition of such cultural worker is Zhuge Xiansheng more learn existing writings skill in wushu, carry out and imperial home, be gubernatorial service is highest ideal.

在那个年代，诸葛先生这样的文化人的志向多为"学成文武艺，售与帝王家"，为统治者服务是最高理想了。

For a long, long time, the Chinese literati have aspired to bring home the Nobel Prize.

对于这个奖，中国的文化人已经盼了很久很久，是正常事。

I can see the "realm" of a traditional Chinese literator.

我在这里看到一个传统中国文化人的境界。

Lytton Strachey, Leonard Woolf and Thoby Stephen meet as under-graduates at Trinity and form the nucleus of what was to become known as the Bloomsbury Group.

林顿·斯特来彻，伦纳德·伍尔夫与索比·史蒂芬在圣三一学院相遇，成立了一个核心，后来发展为布鲁姆斯伯里文化人集团。

During the 20th century, to save and remould the national soul has been a national dream cherished by Chinese scholars.

20世纪，民族灵魂的拯救与重建，一直是中国文化人的民族之梦。

Drawing on studies in intercultural communication, applied linguistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse studies and other researches related to the studies of language, culture and communication, the author bases her ideology for interculturalizing ELT in China mainly on three lines of thinking: 1 the perception of language, communication and culture as triunity in language teaching and learning; 2 the understanding of the English teaching/learning process as dialogic interactions between the learner and the culture Other and between their pertaining linguacultures; 3 the rethinking of ELT in China as intercultural literacy education oriented towards intercultural speakership of the learner as a full-fledged member of the global community powered with intercultural communication competence in English.

本研究汲取了跨文化交际学、应用语言学、语用学、社会语言学、语篇分析及其他有关语言、文化和交际的研究成果，作者关于跨文化交际中国英语教学的思想主要建立在以下三个方面的认识：1语言、交际与文化在外语教学中应该被视为三位一体的统一体；2英语教学的过程是学习者与文化他者之间、以及他们各自相关的语言-文化之间对话性互动的过程；3中国英语教学应该是跨文化素质教育的重要组成部分和手段，其终极目标是把学生培养成为具有英语跨文化交际能力、在国际社会交往中运用自如、羽翼丰满的跨文化人。

Artists,thinkers and bohemians have long fueled the vibrancy of the world's great cities.

长期以来，艺术家、思想家和四处漂泊的文化人给全世界各大城市注入了生机和活力。

However, during New Trend '85, Gu Wenda differentiated himself from most artists of Chinese Painting of the time and showed his contemporary consciousness by experimenting on traditional ink painting materials and techniques. This brought out a new possibility for the contemporaneity of Chinese Painting. Since then, unremitting efforts have been made to "modernize" Chinese Painting through traditional abstract elements like ink-wash and Calligraphy. These efforts streamed into a new trend called "modern ink"(or "abstract ink","experimental ink") in late 1980's, though seemed not widely acknowledged for its resemblance to Abstract Expressionism of 1960's and 1970's American art. What is interesting is that while some artists are endeavoring to "westernize" their art, a new trend grouped as "Neo-literati Painting" appears with very traditional form and mood. This can be explained as a group of people's resistance to the reformation of traditional culture as well as their nostalgia to traditional ideals. However, this school tends to be artificial for the absence of the particular context, and the expression with traditional brushwork is also regionally limited. Of all the efforts of reformation, Chinese Painting that accordingly adopts the tradition heads the list because of the cultural identification of the big number of population and greater market as a result of the economic growth of China. Meanwhile, the immense conservative inertia of traditional Chinese culture can also be detected.

在"现代艺术"风起云涌的"85新潮"中，谷文达以传统水墨的材料和方法表达出不同于当时大多数中国画艺术家们这种文化心态和文化认知的现代意识，为中国画的现代性提供了一种方案；以水墨、还有选择中国传统书法的抽象因素等可能来进行现代性探索，一直是中国画连绵的努力，在80年代后期汇聚成"现代水墨"（又或曰"抽象水墨"、"实验水墨"），是中国画的又一流向，但是不是没有脱离60、70年代美国的"抽象主义"意义，反而还有了拾人牙慧之嫌，所以始终难以获得更大的认可和成功；很有趣的是，与此"西化"流向同时的，还有以非常传统的方式出现的"新文人画"潮流，或许可以把这看着是部分中国文化人在中国以西方为参照的新文化背景下对之的抵制，对传统理想的怀念和诉求，但由于已经失去了其语境和环境，"新文人画"显得娇情和造作，而且这种以非常地域化的传统笔墨语言来表现的方式也失去了更为普遍化的可能；反而是延续传统一脉的国画，由于有巨大的人数基础的本土文化的认同，在中国经济发展后有了更大的市场，所以还是蔚然为中国画的一大潮向，从这也可以看到中国文化承传的保守性的力量。

He not only effortlessly promoted the folk cultures of his time, winning the praise of Pien Kang Yen, a renowned Japanese scholar, but also evoked reflections on the roles of music and culture elites by devoting himself whole-heartedly to music with his rich capabilities and a sense of mission.

他不仅对当时民族文化极为尽心推动，而深获日籍学者片冈严的推崇；在任教时期，更展现当代音乐教师的多元能力与使命感，带来「音乐文化人」的省思，故对其音乐历史地位应有多元诠释。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。