指数

Taking landscape pattern fractal model and Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995 and 2000 as the basic data,the spatialtemporal database of land use in Chongqing City was established; and using fractal model of landscape pattern,fractal dimension and stability index of landscape pattern,landscape diversity index,landscape apartness index,landscape fragmentation index,landscape evenness index and landscape dominance index were obtained.

采用1995和2000年Landsat TM/ETM影像为基础数据，提取并建立土地利用空间数据库，应用景观空间格局分形模型，获取景观类型的分形维数和稳定性指数以及景观多样性指数、分离度指数、破碎度指数、均匀度指数和优势度等指标。

The diversity and evenness are low when the MQCIs are less than 15% and greater than 45%, and reach to high when MQCI in the middle of 15% and 45%. The relationship between MQCI and richness index can be best presented by a cubic equation, and no apparent trend can be found when MQCI is greater than 20%.

多样性和均匀性指数与草甸质量盖度指数之间关系的可以分别用二次方程式进行描述，当高寒草甸的草地质量指数在15%以下时，多样性和均匀性指数均较低，介于15%～45%之间时两者都很高，大于45%后，有下降的趋势；物种丰富度与草甸质量盖度指数之间的关系可用三次方程式进行描述。

In doing so, we have gotten these objects:(1)built the relationship between natural vegetation pattern of china and the climate,based both on Kira-index and dry/wet index;(2)built the phenology model describing main natural vegetation types of china,based on degree-day;(3)built the drought sensitivity function for main vegetaion types of china; and (4)integrated the drought sensitivity function with the PDSI.

在执行过程中我们基本上按照项目计划书的原初设计完成了如下的工作：①采用Kira的生物热量指数与生物干湿指数相结合的思想，建立了中国自然植被的空间分布与气候因素之间的数量关系；②利用有效积温与生育期之间的关系，建立了自然植被主要类型的物候模型；③根据文献中的实测资料建立了主要农作物类型、自然植被主要类型的缺水敏感性指数；④将此缺水敏感性函数代入Palmer干旱强度指数的计算模型之中。新的干旱强度指数计算步长为周(7天)。

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通过比价网的搜索，用户可以轻松获取到详细的产品参数、最新的产品报价、产品外观图片、遍及全国的经销商联系方式等信息，以及参考指数、省钱指数、放心指数、省时间指数、惊喜指数等等个性化信息，轻松购物，享受时尚的数字娱乐宅生活。

Four items of water quality has been collected in field surveys, including PH value, dissolve oxygen, electric conductivity level and turbidity level. Furthermore, 19 species of freshwater fish have been found, of which 10 species are local strains, 4 species are foreign strains, and 1 species is a hybrid strain. The results of calculating and analyzing the water quality index and Index of Biotic Integrity indicate that WQI is estimated from excellent to fair, while IBI is estimated from fair to poor. It has been illustrated that two indexes show different assessment results. Of those WQI index is more reliable than the IBI. IBI index need further modification for the use of water quality assessment in the Tou-Bien-Ken Creek.

现场采集水质资料共4种，包含pH、溶氧、导电度及浊度，鱼类共计19种，其中原生种10种、外来种4种、杂交种1种，经计算之水质指数及生物整合指数研究分析结果发现，调查测站WQI水质评等由特优至中等，IBI评等由中等至差的等级，显示两种指数评分具有差距，WQI指数之评分结果较IBI正确，IBI指数须经修正才能更适用於头汴坑溪之水质评估。

Efficacy was assessed using the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Working Group criteria, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, night pain, patient ' s global assessment, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, chest expansion, the Mander enthesis index, the total swollen joint index, the C-reactive protein level, and the Short Form. 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire.

药物有效性的评估采用强直性脊柱炎国际工作组标准、 Bath 强直性脊柱炎疾病活动度指数、夜间疼痛、患者的总体情况评估、 Bath 强直性脊柱炎功能指数、 Bath 强直性脊柱炎衡量指数、扩胸度、 Mander 附着点指数、总的肿胀关节指数、 C 反应蛋白水平、简式36健康调查问卷(SF-36)。

Dactylon, M. triquetra. At tillering, species richness, Simpon index and Shannon-Wiener index are higher while Pielou index is lower in SF than in CK. From booting to ripening, weed species richness, Simpon index and Shannon-Wiener index are lower while Pielou index is significantly higher in SF than in CK.

研究还表明，规模稻鸭生态种养水稻分蘖期物种丰富度、Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数略高于水稻单一种植，Pielou指数低于水稻单一种植；孕穗期到成熟期物种丰富度、Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数低于水稻单一种植，Pielou指数显著高于水稻单一种植。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

As to the aspects of constructing methods for hedonic price index, based on the comparison of the current methods, this paper classifies them into four varieties, pooling data index, cross section index, hedonic-price-function-based modeling index and hedonic-price-function-based quality adjustment index.

并按该定义，根据特征价格指数使用特征价格函数的材料不同和使用的数据结构不同，给出了特征价格指数的分类方法和不同分类的定义。2、根据特征价格指数使用特征价格函数的材料不同和使用的数据结构不同，划分出四种主要的特征价格指数编制方法，即截面数据特征价格指数法、合并数据特征价格指数法、特征价格模拟法和特征价格质量调整法。

The analysis showed that the great value area of correlations is consistent between sea-level pressure field, 500hPa geopotential height field and intensity index of East Asian summer monsoon in Northeast China in pre-winter or summer, and the correlation is more better in summer than in pre-winter.

结果表明，前冬季和夏季海平面气压、500hPa位势高度与东北地区夏季风强度指数的正负相关大值区的分布基本一致，但夏季相关性更明显；海表温度与东北地区夏季风强度指数的相关不明显；北极海冰密集度与东北地区夏季风强度指数的相关性较好，前冬季以负相关为主，夏季以正相关为主；各振荡指数中只有NPO指数与东北地区夏季风强度指数有很好的相关性。

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